Public School Is Better Than Private School Essay

Have you ever heard different peoples opinion on which type of school is better? The type of schools that Im preferring to is private, and public school. Through my four years at Butler High School, I know a hand full of people that went to private school from elementary until middle school. I always asked my peers Why didnt you attend a private high school, since you always went to a private school all your life? Every time I asked my fellow peers that question, it was always a different answer. The answers would be it got too expansive, they wanted to try public school out, since they went to private school all their life, and the final answer that I got was that they wanted to explore outside of private schools, and see for†¦show more content†¦In the following paragraphs I will be giving, reasons and evidence on why public school is better than private school. Each paragraph will be structured and going in order from my thesis statement on why public schools are better than private schools. Even though we all pay for public schools, because taxes get taken out every pay check doesn’t amount to the cost that parents pay to send their children to private school. Everyone knows that private schools arent cheap at all, and that they can be very expensive. An article that I have read stated Private k-12 school costs also seem to be correspond with those for private colleges(When). That’s a lot of money to send your child through elementary and middle school. It is very outrages, because it seems to correspond with the amount of money you pay to go to a private college While I was reading an article is mentioned tuition for a typical private high school in the south-east costs a relatively modest $18,900 a year. But move a few hours north that price tag becomes far more daunting (when). So, depending on where you live can also determine the price tag, you will pay to send your child to a private school. Private schools are not fair, because they pick who they want in their schools. Its sad to say that about a school, that youre paying to send your child to that they don’t accept everybody. An articleShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Low Cost Private Schools South Africa s Educational Achievement1251 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful, as is illustrated by our current low level of academic achievement (OECD, 2014). This essay argues that through the proliferation of low cost private schools South Africa’s educational achievement will dramatically improve at a lower cost than the status quo. The basis of this argument is that the most efficient method of education is to allow free market forces to allocate educational resources. This essay begins with an outline of the causes of the education crisis followed by an analysis ofRead MoreAcademic Performance Between Public And Private Schools1489 Words   |  6 Pagesconducted in order to compare the academic scores of students in public and private schools. The studies vary in the exact goal of the experiment because some studies are being performed to correct errors and flaws in others and some are simply being performed to compare scores. Regardless of the goal, the studies collectively agree that private schools do in fact perform at higher academic levels than public schools. Furthermore, private schools perform at higher academic levels for many reasons such asRead MoreValue of Education1441 Words   |  6 PagesValue of Education In his essay â€Å"Is College Worth the Money?†, Daniel S. Cheever, Jr. contends that, â€Å"The real question is whether students are getting their money’s worth† (102). He emphasizes the value of education and not only the cost. Higher education is the focus of Cheever’s essay, but I believe the same question of worth can be asked concerning elementary through high school education as well. Both public and private schools offer distinctive educational opportunities and each individualRead MoreSchool Schools Vs. Public Schools1311 Words   |  6 Pageskids to school. There is a big debate among parents in choosing where to send their children to school. People want to give their child the best education. The two major style of schooling is public and private schools. Public schools are schools that are set up and run by the government. Private schools are schools that are privately owned and are not controlled by the government. Both schools have posit ive and negative aspects. There are many factors to look at when choosing the best school. WhenRead MoreAnalysis Essay of Aria by Richard Rodriguez1302 Words   |  6 Pages Analysis essay of â€Å"Aria† by Richard Rodriguez (2nd draft) This essay, titled â€Å"Aria†, originally published in 2008, is an autobiographic essay of the author’s childhood, Richard Rodriguez’. In his essay, Richard is against bilingual educators, who think that children in their first years of school should be educated in their native language. According to him this education system is wrong, won’t be beneficial, therefore children should be educated in the same language as the public one. Rodriguez’sRead MorePrivate Schools Vs. Private School Education Essay1746 Words   |  7 Pages There’s nothing a parent wants more for their child than to get a great education. The main thing they have to decide is if they want their child to go to public or private school. Another thing to consider is, which type of school will provide the best education for their child. However, only some families have this choice, and others don’t. Families that aren’t financially stable might not be able to afford a private school education, even if that’s what they would prefer for their children.Read MoreThe American Dream966 Words   |  4 Pages1930-35† (Dictionary.com). The American Dream is everyone in the United States of America having equal opportunities to make achievements, prosper, and be happy with their quality of life by working hard. Unfortunately, some citizens must work harder than others. This is because, the American Dream was created not to be achievable by everyone, some people lack access to certain resources that are provided to others, such as money, education, and job opportunities. Being born into money makes thing easierRead MoreRichard Rodriguez s Hunger Of Memory 974 Words   |  4 Pagesthe English oriented atmosphere of the American school† (980). In â€Å"Aria†, Rodriguez has created an autobiographic essay of his childhood. In his essay, the author is against bilingual educators, who believe that children in their first years of school should be educated in their native language. According to Rodriguez this education method is wrong, it won’t be helpful, therefore children should be knowledgeable in the same language as the public one. The author’s main point is to strongly motivateRead MoreEssay on Private Versus Public Education1077 Words   |  5 PagesPrivate Versus Public Education Many struggling parents wish they could send their children to private schools essentially from kindergarten through the twelfth grade. And so my question is: What is the real worth of a private education? According to a statement from the U.S. Department of Education posted by College Smart, private school students generally perform higher than their public school counterparts on standardized achievement tests. As a product of public elementary and highRead More School Vouchers The Wrong Choice Essay1473 Words   |  6 PagesSchool Vouchers: The Wrong Choice Susie is a young girl who lives in Florida. Since kindergarten, she has attended a nearby private school. Her parents willingly pay her tuition, even though doing so forces them to cut other corners. They do not mind these sacrifices, since they know that their daughter is getting the best education they can give her. Jesse lives downtown, in the inner city. She attends the local public school and struggles through her classes. Her mother would like

Comic Books And Their Influence On Society - 1626 Words

Anyone can be a hero, regardless of the colour of their skin, who they love, or what religion they affiliate with. Superheroes are no different, although comics and their adaptations have a history of contradicting this reality. Comic books and their related renditions have often overlooked minority characters, like influential media has a tendency to, without regard to their audience (Aucoin, 2014). Superheroes have become an integral part of popular (pop) culture: the cultural preference of the mainstream populace, which holds considerable command on cultural and moral values of a society (Crossman, 2014). Because superheroes have such a powerful social presence in pop culture, it is important for them to be as diverse as their audience. Comic books have long withstanding been an integral part of pop culture, beginning in the early 20th century and continuing to influence entertainment outlets even in modern times. Comic books gained notoriety through their utilization of larger than life superheroes: beings of noble cause and great power who use their skills for good. Comic books became the medium of modern mythology, their heroes rising up to challenge the afflictions of history (Romaniello, n.d.). Heroes emerged in response to national crises. From Superman and the Great Depression, to Captain America and World War II, and the X-Men as an allusion for homosexuality, superheroes became beacons of hope and morale, to help people better understand and relate to civilShow MoreRelatedThe Superhero Effect: Idealism and Stereotypes in Comic Books1577 Words   |  7 PagesIn our society, certain ideals are held in high regard. Individuals relentlessly pursue these ideals to achieve a perceived perfection. These principle s are often depicted in media that further glorifies and establishes a desire to pursue these paragons. In a medium such as comic books, however, these standards and perceptions are heavily distorted by the characterizations and settings. Particularly, the superhero genre absorbs the ideals we strive towards and regurgitates them in an extreme andRead MoreThe Big Black Smiling Mammy, The Sexual Deviant, And The Angry Sapphire Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesThe big Black smiling mammy, the sexual deviant, and the angry sapphire are historically depicted images of Black women. Within the male-dominated comic art world, Deborah Whaley’s Black Women in Sequence: Re-inking Comics, Graphics Novels, and Anime offer a countervision on the Black body. Women, especially Black women may welcome this book as a confirmation about recognizing, representing, and reframing their story. For this audience, Whaley will explore the historical, racial, and sexual representationRead MoreDeborah W haley s Black Women1423 Words   |  6 PagesBlack women are depicted as the big black smiling mammy; the over sexed deviant with distorted body parts; and the angry sapphire. Within the male dominated comic art world, Deborah Whaley’s Black Women in Sequence: Re-inking Comics, Graphics Novels, and Anime offers a countervision on the Black body. Women, especially Black women may welcome the book as a confirmation that their story is recognized and represented. For this audience, Whaley will explore the historical, racial, and sexual representationRead MoreMarvel s Influence On Morals1101 Words   |  5 PagesAaron Jeu Instructor Acevedo English 100 23 July 2015 Superheroes Influence on Morals Often times, one may observe that any young child’s piece of clothing or backpack is plastered with the face of some known or unknown superhero portrayed in popular culture, on television and in the movies. These superheroes are found throughout American society. Because superheroes are growing more popular amongst mass marketing for motion pictures and their merchandise is constantly targeting children and youngRead MoreEssay on Graphic Novels and Comic Books: Kent Williams1386 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical and Critical Studies Even in todays supposedly open-minded modern society, there is a palpable art school-esque snobbery creating a conscious divide between high art and graphical illustration. Regardless of the many artists that strive to redefine boundaries that are merely a price tag away from common ancestry. Unacceptable is the disregard by those who are in the know when they hold aloft two metric tonnes of polished grotesque above the increasingly popular and diverseRead MoreThe Impact Of Comics And Superheroes On The American Society1203 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of Comics and Superheroes on the American SocietyA superhero is an anecdotal character of extraordinary physical prowess committed to demonstrations of derring-do in general society interest. Since the introduction of Superman in 1938, stories of superheroes from short to long episode adventures; have ruled American comic books and traversed into other media. These superheroes and comics have been used to display both negative and p ositive social and cultural values in the American society. CaptainRead MoreThe Effects Of Comic Books On Children942 Words   |  4 Pageschildren that would become an overwhelming emotion when exposed to violence in society. Jones saw that comic books could be an avenue to lead children out of this emotion trap. Jones used his son as an example to show how effective this technique really works. â€Å"In the first grade, his friends started climbing a tree at school. But his son was afraid of falling†¦I took my cue from his own fantasies and read him old Tarzan comics, rich in combat and adventure †¦Then he put them aside. He mustarded up theRead MoreInfluence Of Female Heroines On Women Today1324 Words   |  6 PagesJanuary 2015 The Influence of Female Heroines on Women Today In the entertainment world today, comic superheroines are conveying messages to women everywhere that their powers are not limited, and they all have the ability to choose their fate. Many movies, tv shows, and comics are coming out that involve strong, independent women. This recent rise in representation has gotten out to women everywhere, and this is influencing them throughout their lives. With the rise of female comic book characters inRead MoreCultural Mirror And Hidden Intent1207 Words   |  5 Pages Comics : Cultural Mirror and Hidden Intent Cul ¬tural texts are objects, actions, and behav ¬iors that reveal cul ¬tural mean ¬ings. An entire space, peo ¬ple and their inter ¬ac ¬tions, the rit ¬u ¬als, norms and the var ¬i ¬ous forms in which they man ¬i ¬fest are â€Å"read ¬able† texts, suit ¬able for obser ¬va ¬tion and analy ¬sis. Especially when talking about culture and what is signified. One such example for cultural text are graphical novels called comic books. From time and again it is seen that comic booksRead MoreThe Adventures Of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pagesto 1841, modern comics have had a long history. Since The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck, which is generally accepted as the first American comic, comics as a genre of literature has changed both technologically and in perception (Greenberger). Throughout American history, comics have served as both an influence and a reflection of the time period. As America grew, changed, and experienced major historical events, society and the ideas within changed along with it. Many comic historians cite

Richard Li Essay Example For Students

Richard Li Essay CommunicationAlbert Einstein- informative speechsome people wonder how does Physicists think. We would look out the window with a block of equation and just think, until these equations fit together. Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879. Ever since Einstein was young, he was very curious with the invisible force behind the compass. Albert Einstein wanted to find Gods thought; in one equation- the beauty, power and majesty of the worlds laws into one single equation. However, Einstein felt victimized by the Prussian style of education, which did not promote creativity. Professors thought he was a goofball and gave him bad marks. Even Einstein thought of him as a loser eventually. He was unable to find a job, even his father tried to beg the school to give him a position as an assistant, but to no effect. 1902 was Einsteins worst year. He wanted to marry his love, Maric, but he did not have a job and would not be able to support the family. His fathers business also found no success and things are looking desperate. Luckily, in the following year Einsteins good friend Marcel Grossmann recommended him to work as a clerk in a swiss patent office. This not only meant a steady income for him, but he also became confident enough to marry Maric, which he did in 1903. Einstein worked 6 days a week at his new job. There he analyzed patents quickly and had a lot of time thinking about visions he had since he was young. Einstein was able to piece together from his daydreams that relativity is an universal law of nature, which he published as a paper. His theories was only noticed after receiving the attention of Max Planck, the founder of the quantum theory. After Planck confirmed the validity of his proposals, Einstein was invited to speak a international conference and rose in the academic world. Many prestigious universities offered him positions, including the university of Berlin, where he would serve as a director of physics institute from 1913 to 1933. With fame comes a price. Einsteins marriage was falling apart, as he was always traveling to speak at conferences. Einstein and his wife argued very frequently. Convinced that their marriage is doomed, they divorced and agreed to give the money to her if he ever won the Nobel Prize. November 4th , 1915 Einstein completed general theory of relativity, his masterpiece. There is much mathematical beauty. It can predict Mercurys orbit around the sun, as well as predicting deflection of light around the sun. His work was interrupted by World War 1. He was among the few intellectuals in Germany who signed a manifesto opposing the war. Following the war, expeditions where sent out to test Einsteins theory of deflected light near the sun. The results put Einstein on the headlines of many big papers, portraying him as the successor of Isaac Newton. On his way to speak across the world, he received word that he have received the Nobel Prize for physics, but for Photoelectric effect. During his acceptance speech, he spoke all about relativity and startled the audience. Once he was asked to appear alongside Charlie Chaplin, and Chaplin remarked The people applaud me because everybody understands me. They Applaud you because no one understands you.When the Nazis rose to power, they targ eted relativity as Jewish Physics. Nazis enlisted many scientists to denounce his theory of relativity. Einstein in return simply said that defeating relativity does not take the words of 100 scientists. Rather just one fact. In 1932 Einstein decided to leave Germany, as his life was in danger. There has been a bounty placed on his head. Einstein moved to Princeton, New Jersey, which is a soon to be gather place for physicist from all around the world. Some newspaper articles declared that the pope of physics had left Germany and Princeton is now the new Vatican.In the late 1930s, many physicists began to wonder if E = mc squared might make an atomic bomb possible, which was later shown that vast amounts of energy can be unleashed from the splitting of uranium atom, electrifying the physics community. Einstein wrote a letter to President Roosevelt to develop an atomic bomb. What is interesting is that Einstein was never asked to participate in the development of the atomic bomb, as he was a pacifist. Einstein did help war efforts by auctioning off his personal priceless notes, going for as much as 6.5 million dollars. When the Atomic Bomb dropped in Japan, He immediately became part of a effort in trying to put the bomb under control. He was even offered the post of the president of Israel, which he declined. .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720 , .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720 .postImageUrl , .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720 , .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720:hover , .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720:visited , .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720:active { border:0!important; } .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720:active , .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720 .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u56d50fd4a21812f310416788969ff720:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Diabetes and Pregnancy EssayAs Einstein pondered topics like wormholes, time travel, blackholes, etc, he became more and more isolated from the rest of the world. He fell deeper into his studies as he discovered an Unified Field Theory that would unify all the forces of the universe into one framework. He would continue to work on this theory until his death. What can we learn from Einstein? First, we should follow curiosity. He once said, I have no special talent. I am only passionately curious. Curiosity really helps to fuel our imagination. Through curiosity we can solve problems and form connections. It is then we can find our innermost self and make change. Second, We should learn and persevere. Its not that Im so smart, its just that I stay with problems longer. Having dreams comes hand in hand with having obstacles. Staying with the problems instead of trying to run away from it can mean the difference between failure and success. Last, making mistakes is completely normal and can be good. A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new. Yes, mistakes can be disappointing and tough. However without falling in some way it is hard to accomplish new things. The worst thing we can do to ourselves is to not start or complete things. Looking at Einsteins life is truly remarkable. There is a lot of things we can learn to do better from him. Citations B., Jerry.YouTube, YouTube, 6 Jan. 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyK5SG9rwWI. Kaku, Michio. Albert Einstein.Encyclopadia Britannica, Encyclopadia Britannica, inc., 20 Sept. 2017, www.britannica.com/biography/Albert-Einstein#toc256582. Albert Einstein.Biography.com, A;E Networks Television, 25 Oct. 2017, www.biography.com/people/albert-einstein-9285408.

Marilyn Monroe free essay sample

A look at what made actress Marilyn Monroes fans consider her almost godlike. A quick look through any magazine article or book about Marilyn Monroe is almost certain to turn up the word goddess. This paper examines why that should be the case, for surely none of her fans believed that she was in fact a divine being equivalent to Athena or Diana? The author feels that it is imperative not to dismiss her elevation to the pantheon as mere hyperbole. While she was certainly beautiful and famous, many other movie stars are also beautiful and famous and yet have not earned her sobriquet of goddess. This paper examines what qualities Marilyn possessed to make her in the eyes of her fans something nearer to divinity than simple mortality. It also contains a brief biography of the star. But how did this tragic story become the biography of a goddess? Its tragedy was perhaps actually an essential element of it, for no doubt what has attracted many people to become fans of Marilyn since her death is the element of tragedy that clings to her. We will write a custom essay sample on Marilyn Monroe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She seems to us to be very much a figure struck down by the fates, a character from the classical world in which peoples own actions matter less than the plans that the gods have for them.

Writing Assignment #3 “Luck” Essays

Reading/Writing Assignment #3 â€Å"Luck† Essays Reading/Writing Assignment #3 â€Å"Luck† Essay Reading/Writing Assignment #3 â€Å"Luck† Essay Reading/Writing Assignment #3 â€Å"Luck† 1. In Greek Mythology, King Midas was a Phrygian king. He was given the ability to turn everything he touched into gold by Dionysus. The Midas touch can be interpreted as the ability to make money or the ability to make success. Mark Twain applies this in the story â€Å"Luck† by comparing Scoresby with King Midas. Because every blunder Scoresby made turned into something worth praising about, it seemed like he had the Midas touch. 2. A close reading is a detailed analyzing of a specific passage or poem. It is like using a magnifying glass to zoom in to see the details. It is used to explain characters, situations, ideas, word selections and etc. 3. By analyzing the two paragraphs in depth, the reader gets a better understanding of the style of Twain’s writing. In the essay, the vocabulary is examined in detail and the choice of words is compared to the situations and the settings. Based on these examinations, the essay explains how they are directly relevant to Twain’s comical sense. When reading the whole story, the reader does not get the comedy in his writing. However, when in depth, it comes out. 4. According to Dictionary. com, a sketch is a brief usually descriptive and informal essay or other literary composition. A sketch may have very little or no plot at all. Twain’s â€Å"Luck† is more of a sketch than a short story because it didn’t have that much of a plot. It focused mainly on the impression and thought of the reverend on Scoresby. 5. I have never experienced a situation similar to the one in â€Å"Luck†. I might have, but I just do not remember. However, I can relate to the reverend’s situation if I put myself into the story. For example, if I happened to be working at a mid-level office job and one of my co-workers had gotten promoted because of a blunder, I would be furious. I would feel even worse if I had helped him out. He would not know what to do in the upper-level job and he might make even more mistakes and ruin everything! Hopefully I never have to experience this in real life.

The Best Spotify Playlists for Study

The Best Spotify Playlists for Study Music researchers agree that music for studying should be free from lyrics  so the songs arent competing for your brains memory space. Fortunately, there are several lyric-free Spotify stations that are perfect for studying.   1.  Intense Studying   Creator:  Spotify The Review:  This station is perfect for keeping that brain sharp and focused, with a mix of sonatas, concertos, and more from  classical superstars like Bach, Mozart, and Dvorak. While some classical stations can relax you to the point of feeling like you might fall asleep, this playlist is full of upbeat tempos that will keep you awake and on track. 2.  Superior Study Playlist Creator:  Taylor Diem The Review:  In case you want to listen to a vast selection modern instrumentals (over 900 songs appear on this list), this Spotify station for studying focuses on soundtracks like those from movies like Amelie, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows,  and The Hours along with instrumental beats from artists like Explosions in the Sky,  Max Richter, and Levon Mikaelian.   3.  Workday Lounge Creator:  Spotify The Review:  Dont let the title fool you; this isnt boring elevator music. Chill out and listen to the mellow beats of artists like ST*RMAN and  Azul Grande, which just might be calming enough for someone with a crazy life to feel like they can take a deep breath and pop open the books.   4.  Acoustic Concentration Creator:  Spotify The Review: Plug in and open up this lyric-free Spotify station to enjoy music from Michael Hedges, Antoine Dufour, Tommy Emmanuel, Phil Keagy, and over a dozen more guitarists who mesmerize with quick arpeggios and harmonizing chords.   5. NO LYRICS! Creator:  perryhan The Review:  For those who are interested in hearing a mix of more modern songs reworked by instrumental artists, this station has you covered. From 90s grunge classics from bands like Nirvana to songs like Justin Timberlakes Cry Me a River  on violin by David Garrett or Adeles Rolling in the Deep  on piano and violin by The Piano Guys, theres something youll want to hear. 6.  Study Mix (No lyrics) Creator:  mogirl97 The Review:  This is also a Spotify station relying heavily on remixes of modern songs, remade by instrumental bands. The Vitamin String Quartet, Lindsay Stirling, 2 Cellos, and The Piano Guys play their versions of popular songs like Royals, Pompeii, Back to Black, Chandelier, Let It Go, She Will Be Loved and more. They are great for keeping you energized but wont be as distracting as if you were listening to the original versions. 7.  EDM Study No Lyrics Creator: coffierf The Review:  Electronic dance music might not be what first comes to mind when you think of studying, but for some students, possibly those kinesthetic learners out there- the kind who need to keep  moving  to concentrate- this station, with over 50 songs and growing, may be just what you need. Bounce along to tracks by Crystal Castles, Netsky, and Moguai.   The Effects of Music While Studying According to Nick Perham, a researcher published in Applied Cognitive Psychology,  the best music for studying is  no music at all. He says you shouldnt listen to music because it competes for your brains space. Perham recommends that you study in complete silence or ambient noise like from a white machine or even the muted traffic of a highway or soft conversation.  However, some disagree with this researcher and believe that music makes the  study experience  better since it can lift a mood or bump up positive feelings.

Criminal justice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminal justice - Research Paper Example It necessitates the placement of new cultural values that tend to focus on innovation and empowerment. Though much attention had been paid to the task of identifying the requisite changes, very little effort has been put into thinking as to how to lead these transformations. Thus, transformational leadership is of much relevance in the management of existing public safety environments. Transformational/Pseudo-Transformational Leadership It is important to understand the relevance of transformational leadership in the public safety environment, as the much needed changes can only be brought about by leaders who have a clear sense of direction, and a compelling vision as to what the system expects from the much coveted transformation and change (Rickards, 2005, p. 81). Everybody expects the things to change. Yet, there are only a few leaders who have the ability to convince and convey to the public safety personnel as to how do they stand to gain by extending meaningful contributions ( Rickards, 2005, p. 81). It is a fact supported by commonsensical observation that most of the public safety agencies today are overburdened, resource deficient and to some extent de-motivated. In that context a transformational approach to leadership is one that supports novel approaches centered on innovation and change. People employed in public safety settings do hesitate to embrace change because either they feel that it may not be appreciated by their superiors or are simply oblivious of the steps that usher in change. Thus a leader should not only be one who has a vision, but the one who is also able to translate that vision into pragmatic and realistic strategies that could easily be embraced and followed by others. A transformational leader guides by example (Rickards, 2005, p. 82). A transformational leader takes the initiative to embrace change, to bring change. Public safety settings are marked by serious and real life situations and challenges that can simply not be deal t through hollow lip service. Hence, a transformational leader is one who is not only able to establish the right degree of trust in the organizational framework, but also has the infectious humor and optimism that can generate confidence in the times marked by crisis and problems (Rickards, 2005, 82). Central to transformational leadership in any organizational environment is the ability to formulate, organize and communicate a vision. Yet, the fact that is mostly overlooked in this aspect of transformational leadership is that it is also endowed with the potential and opportunities to resort to unethical behavior and misconduct (Parry & Proctor-Thomson, 2002, p. 78). The problem with the contemporary public safety organizations is not that they lack transformational leadership, but rather the fact that the harbingers of this vision are mostly inflexible and harbor an absolutist approach towards things. The vision of this nature though may be effective in the short run, yet it by i ts very nature lacks consideration and sensitivity for many important things, and is hence less effective at promoting ethical conduct within organizations, thereby negatively impacting the levels of trust (Parry & Proctor-Thomson, 2002, p. 78). If a transformational leader turns egoistic in one’s aspirations, one may direct the organizational resources and efforts towards goals that may be deemed to be

Jewish resistance people Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jewish resistance people - Research Paper Example Moreover, some Jews went into hiding in order to escape the brutalities of war. Passive resistance was also shown in the form of spiritual resistance, religious resistance as well as cultural resistance by the Jews (Henry and Lang, 2014). Others also got Visas from foreign states as were deported to other safe places. These were some of the forms of resistance that the Jews exhibited towards the war. However, following the plights experienced by the Jews, there were several individuals who helped them. Some of these include the individuals as well as organizations. However, amongst the individuals, both men and women contributed commensurately. Some of the individuals who helped the Jews include Feng-Shan Ho, Hugh O’Flaherty, Giorgio Perlasca and Chiune Sugihara (Tec, 2013). Both Ho and Chiune Sugihara issued transit visas to the Jews to help them leave the country. Giorgio issued fake passports that helped Jews travel to neutral countries. Hugh was a preacher who concealed approximately 4000 Jewish escapees. Others include Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz, Frank Foley, Aristides de Sousa Mendes, Dimitar Peshev as well as Raoul Wallenberg (Henry and Lang, 2014). Raoul issued fake passports as well as housed thousands of Jews. Dimitar prevented Bulgarian government from deporting Jews from Bulgaria to Germany to be victims of Holocaust. Both Frank and Mendes also offered thousands of visas to aide in deportation of the Jews. Georg Ferdinand on the other hand convinced Prime Minister of Sweden to allow the Jews to be deported to Sweden. The female individuals who helped the Jews include Irena Sendler, Klara Baic, Anna Igumnova, Jeanne Daman as well as Johanna Eck. Others include Suzanne Spaak, Sofka Skipwith Elisabeta Strul and Maria Agnese Tribbioli (Longerich, 2010). The other ladies who helped the Jews include Luvidga Pukas, Lois Gunden, Caecilia Loots, as well as Antonina Gordey. Sofia Kritikou, Bronislava

Vietnam War Essay Example for Free

Vietnam War Essay The film shows the importance of having an army that is well equipped and knows what their enemy has for troops and artillery. This battle at the La Drang Valley is important to the rest of the Vietnam War because this is where helicopter-based. The air mobile operations helped the U. S army because it was able to bring soldiers and supplies into the combat zone. Without these helicopters and supplies the soldiers that were at the combat zone would not have stood a chance against the Viet Cong army. Film stayed as close to the historical truth as possible. The names and events that are in the movie match with the true events that occurred during the war. Some minor details in the film slanted from the reality, requirement of the commercial movies. Major part of the movie is critical in depicting the war time events to as close as possible. It gives profound knowledge of the historic war, thus contributing to the nation as a source of knowledge. The film We Were Soldiers is not an invention of historical truth but actually a history movie that enables new generations to view the war visually that happened in Vietnam. The visual graphics of the movie are outstanding and it is simply remarkable how they are able to make things look so real. The plot of the movie is wisely done. There were numerous short scenes in this section of the movie that were both fascinating and gave life to it. It is based on fact and shows the facts very well. Although there is some fiction in this film it is not a faction, or combination of truth and fiction. The film is true but with certain Hollywood aspects which you will get in most movies. Although the Vietnam War was a very controversial war this was not portrayed as much as it should have been in the movie. The film shows very little insight into the publics attitude regarding war with northern Vietnam. Even though this was the first battle in Vietnam they were no opinions expressed by the public in this film. The only hint of what the public thought about the war was with the soldiers wives that were home, and they shared biased thoughts because their husbands were fighting in the war so obviously they thought that it was an unnecessary war. This film gave us insight into the beliefs of the united states government as they were at war because of their beliefs that communism was bad, and all communists nations had to be dealt with and punished for they wrong doings and be made into democratic nations. It showed that the military would send troops into battle being outnumbered just to make a country do what the United States wanted it to do. This film was inspired by the book We Were Soldiers Once†¦And Young, written by Harold G. Moore. Moore was the Lt. General at the battle of The La Drang Valley. He wrote this book about the battle that took place there and has interviews with soldiers from both sides about the battle. He also talks about the importance of the helicopters role in bringing men into battle and how this would play a huge part in the rest of the war in Vietnam. The book was the basis for the historical relevance of the movie. The film got most of its information about what really happened at the battle zone through the book as it was written from the commanding officer at the battle and interviews were taken from soldiers that were there and fought and witnessed what was going on first hand. The battle at the La Drang Valley shows us insight into what further battles in Vietnam would look like and what the American military would have to do to be victorious in Vietnam. The film We Were Soldiers shows us this in a first hand experience. It takes us to the actual battlefield and shows us the hardship and defeat that the American soldiers had to go through to stay alive and defeat the Vietnam army. This film is very important to this generation and the next generations to come as is shows close detail of the first battle of the Vietnam War. Bibliography 1. http://bluray. highdefdigest. com/weweresoldiers. html 2. http://search. reviews. ebay. co. uk/We-Were-Soldiers_EAN_7321900934787_W0QQfvcsZ1172QQsoprZ3951947

Slavery in Anthem :: essays research papers

In Anthem the leaders not only enslaved the bodies of their people, but they also destroyed their minds and had seek to accomplish a tyrannical end. The leaders of Equality 7-251?s community took control of the bodies and mind of the citizens, by completely brainwashing them from the day that they were born. The people didn?t try to fight back nor escape because they didn?t know that the way they were living is wrong or that there was any other way to live. By making it a sin to be an individual they didn?t have to worry about those who were smart, figure out the truth. From the day that they were born every baby was taken to the house of infantry without ever getting to see their parents. Then as they grew older they are sent to different houses, at different stages of their lives, and once they turn of age they are sent to have a baby with someone they do not know and the cycle continues. Without the love and care of parents, the children grow to never know love so their whole world is loveless. Which makes it safe and easier for the leaders to control them. They never have normal experiences like privacy. They sleep in a room of one hundred beds and are never allowed to be alone. They are told it is a sin to be an individual. They speak in third-person and do not use the word ?I?. Not allowing them to be individual means not allowing them to ever think for them. They will follow everything the leaders say if they do not have pride in themselves so they were never allowed to see there own reflection. They weren?t even allowed to have their own names, everyone who lived in the house got one name then a number. The most important reason individualism is not allowed, is because individualism is the key to ego. Ego is the one word of which all people were forbidden to speak of.

Jail and Prison Essay

Many people in the United States do not know that there are differences between jail and prison and what they are. Local jurisdictions, such as counties and cities, use jails to detain offenders for short periods of time. A prison, or penitentiary, is controlled by the state, and is used to detain convicted criminals for longer duration (Schmallenger, 2011). A jail is designed for short term offenders, and has more amenities than a prison. Jails house individuals who have been convicted to serve a short sentence, usually one year or less, detain individuals awaiting trial, waiting to pay bail or denied bail, and detainees held on suspicion of committing a crime. Most jails are designed to hold a very small number of criminals, and have low security when compared to prisons. As an example, the Durango Jail in Phoenix, Arizona, houses approximately 2,214 inmates. They provide a general-purpose day room area with seating areas, and a bathroom area with sinks, toilets, and showers, and have two large outside areas for recreation. The jail also includes a medical clinic, chapel and education classrooms where inmates can attend scheduled religious and educational programs throughout the day (â€Å"Mcso†, 2013). Jails play an important role in the criminal justice system, and without them, there would not be a place to hold these short term inmates and offenders. A prison is much larger than a jail, and capable of handling far more prisoners. The prisoners are typically categorized and separated on the basis of the types of crimes that they have been convicted of as a safety precaution, and there are three types of prisons: minimum security, medium security, and maximum security. Minimum security inmates often have private rooms and have the ability to walk around more freely, as well as commissary visits to purchase candy and tobacco. Medium security prisons are more dorm-like and have walled recreation areas. Maximum security prisons have more barriers, towers, armed guards, and inmates have far less free time and open areas. According to â€Å"Arizona Department of Corrections† (2013), the Tucson Prison Complex in Tucson, Arizona, currently has a total population of approximately 3,700 inmates and a capacity to hold up to 5,170 inmates. Amenities include exercise areas, common areas for eating and socializing in lower security areas, church facilities, and an educational facility (Schmallenger, 2011). Because of the long duration of most prison sentences, a complex social, and political structure arises among the prisoners. Prisoners form cliques and strive to create their dominance inside the fences and walls. Prison culture and subculture affect the daily lives of inmates from the moment they step foot in to a prison. Inmates are defined by their position, or hierarchy, and are fueled by having power over others and their reputation is at stake. Bartering items such as tobacco, food, drugs and makeshift weapons is a way of gaining power, as well as using sexual force and dominance (Schmallenger, 2011). Groups are formed, gangs are created and multiplied, and are often based on race, ethnicity, religion and who you were involved with outside of the prison gates. Due to these subcultures, violent crimes occur, the STD rate increases and the prison medical costs increase. Placing offenders on probation or parole may effect the statistics, but not by much, as occurrences and violence are always ongoing. Probation, an alternative form of sentencing, allows convicted offenders to avoid jail time. They are released back into the community, but must follow a strict set of rules. Rules can include curfew, maintaining a job, and checking in with a probation officer regularly. Probation is a beneficial tool for the community, as it allows offenders to become positive role models in society by participating in community service as well as saving tax payer dollars on potentially unnecessary prison costs. Parole is governed by the executive branch and is the conditional release of a convict who has served part of his term in prison (University of Phoenix, 2011). The primary purpose is to return offenders gradually to productive lives and are usually granted by a parole board to a prisoner with a good record and good conduct while in prison. Sentencing offenders to probation or releasing individuals on parole can free up thousands of dollars annually, as it can cost anywhere from $12,000 to $60,000 per year to house an inmate (CNN Money, 2013). There are also a few other alternatives to probation and parole that are also beneficial, such as drug treatment facilities, house  arrest and electronic monitoring, halfway houses, boot camp prisons, and work-release programs. Jails and prisons, as a part of the criminal justice system, play an important role in society. By deterring crime, securing criminals, and attempting to rehabilitate those who have broken the law, they not only educate society, but make an example of those who successfully have completed sentencing and rehabilitation and have made themselves flourishing products of society. References MCSO. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.mcso.org/JailInformation/Durango.aspx Schmallenger, F. (2011). Criminal Justice Today. An Introductory Text for the 21st Century (11th ed.). : Prentice Hall. University of Phoenix. (2011). CJi Interactive. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CJA204 website. Arizona Department of Corrections. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.azcorrections.gov/prisons/Prisca_Prisons_Tucson.aspx CNN Money. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.money.cnn.com/infographic/economy/education-vsprisoncosts/

Motivational Factors

Abstract This paper will explore and discuss the motivational factors that managers must be proficient with in order to accomplish the organization’s goals and objectives. This exploration and discussion will include aspects of different theories to understand how motivation affects the accomplishment of the organization’s goals and objectives. This exploration will be emphasized and interconnected with motivational theories to increase the success of today’s organizations and explain the impact managers have on the success of their organizations.In addition, this explanation will discuss how motivation is initiated and how this affects the personal and organizational goal settings. Implications and conclusions will be drawn from the application of ample discussion setting forth a better management practice that strengthens the understanding of the need of more motivation in today’s organizations. Motivational Factors and Organizational Goals Accomplishmen t Managers must consider many motivational factors to motivate their employees to perform at their highest ability.Motivation has internal and external forces, which influence employees’ behavior. â€Å"Motivation refers to the forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action† (Daft & Marcic, 2010, p. 404). Any person who is successful in whatever they are doing it is very likely due to set goals. Goal Setting is extremely important to motivation and success. Motivating employees is beneficial for both managers and employees because it enhances productivity and the accomplishment of the organizational goals.In order to achieve these goals, employees need to be well trained and motivated by managers which are the key factors in the success of this task. Employees are the most important assets and they are human being first and then the employees. For that reason, they must be treated fairly and with dignity. This is one of the most prominent motivating factors in any organization. Leaders and managers need to earn the respect of their employees in order to excel in their task. Departing from the premise of treating others with respect and dignity, employees will react in the same way.Managers can show respect to their employees by assigning them tasks that they are best suited for them. Every employee has a unique set of skills and talents that are an enormous resource for managers. Managers by communicating employees’ strong points will motivate them to accomplish their task resulting in a higher level of job satisfaction. It also builds the employee’s self-esteem and confidence leading to very strong and loyal employees. This starts a cycle of self-motivation and confidence that continually builds upon its own momentum if carefully managed.Organizations with this type of management achieve their organizational goals with ease. Everything starts with a common cy cle of motivation that needs to be fulfilled to attain the motivation desired of the employees. Figure1 shows this cycle. Figure 1. A simple model of motivation. This figure illustrates the basic elements of human motivation: need, behavior, and rewards. Source: Daft, R. (2008). Management. (8th ed). Mason, OH: Thompson South-Western, p. 522, exhibit 16. 1. Need The basic element of the motivational process in management starts with the satisfaction of employees’ needs.While motivation is universal and each employees needs are unique, managers must focus on identifying what needs are important to each individual in order to satisfy these needs and encourage the motivational environment within the organization. It is important that â€Å"managers take into account theories that will provide them a full understanding of motivation and its implementation in the workplace† (Patterson, 2007, p. 57). For instance, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory proposes that withi n every person there are needs that must be satisfied.These include safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs. Within each of these stages, there is a vast range of needs that could fit into each category suggesting each individuals needs could be different and unique as illustrated in table 1. Behavior â€Å"Motivation is what influences behavior† (Daft & Marcic, 2010, p. 72). Therefore, employees’ motivation must be what influences employee behavior at work. Employees can be motivated by an employer, a co-worker, or any situation in their life.While employees behave at the level their employer is looking for, managers must develop proficiency in the motivational arena. This proficiency of the application of the motivational factors will help managers to motivate their employees and fulfillment of their needs. It is important to mention that employees are human beings that have needs and they want to fulfill those needs in a successful manner. Abraham Maslo w's theory is one of the most widely discussed theories of motivation emphasizing that Table 1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsNeed HierarchyFulfillment off the jobFulfillment on the job Self-actualizationEducation, religion, hobbies, personal growthOpportunities for training, advancement, growth, and creativity EsteemApproval of family, friends, communityRecognition, high status, increased responsibilities BelongingnessFamily, friends, community groupsWork groups, clients, coworkers, supervisors SafetyFreedom from war, pollution, violenceSafe work, fringe benefits, job security PhysiologicalFood, water, oxygenHeat, air, base salary Note: This table represents the hierarchy of needs theory.This theory proposes that people are motivated by five categories of needs that exist in hierarchical order as illustrated in the table from bottom to top. Daft, R. (2008). Management. (8th ed). Mason, OH: Thompson South-Western, p. 525, exhibit 16. 2. human beings have wants and desires which i nfluence their behavior as illustrated in table 1. Daft ; Marcic (2010) mentioned, â€Å"Only unsatisfied needs influence behavior, satisfied needs do not† (p. 233). For that reason, managers have to be proficient in the motivation arena in order to have employees performing well in the organization.They also need to understand what makes employees behave well in the workplace. Reward Employee motivation, positive employee morale, and rewards are important for the success of every organization. People have unique characteristics that make them special. These characteristics will define the level of satisfaction needed to satisfy their needs whether physically, economically, emotionally, or among others. The satisfaction level will affect morale, motivation, and their quality of life in a positive or negative way. Therefore, it is imperative every organization develop a recognition program that is motivational and rewarding.No discussion of rewards would be complete without ad dressing intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. When someone feels gratification when doing something it is considered as an intrinsic reward. â€Å"Intrinsic rewards are the satisfaction a person receives in the process of performing a particular action† (Daft, 2008, p. 522). This satisfaction is caused by choices and perception a person has when accomplishing a task. Keun and Kulviwat (2008) mentioned in their research that â€Å"expectancy is the perceived connection between the effort and the outcome and the perception between the outcome and the reward† (p. 95). Expectancy theory is about the mental processes that an individual undergoes to make choices. Intrinsic motivation is motivated by the interest or enjoyment in the task itself and exists within the individual rather than relying on any external pressure as in the case of extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic rewards can be considered as when somebody tries to make someone else do something by giving them an external i ncentive that gratifies the receiver. Daft (2008) mentioned, â€Å"Extrinsic rewards are originated externally as a result of pleasing others† (p. 522).External rewards are extra pay, bonuses, promotion, incentives, among others. In the article, James (2005) presents a point of view of the cognitive evaluation theory to explain how â€Å"external motivation occurs when explicit rewards are implemented, which results in individuals having greater satisfaction† (p. 549). This theory is a theory in Psychology that is designed to explain the effects of external consequences on internal motivation. Intrinsic motivational factors are part of the job itself and boost the personal satisfaction by accomplishing something worthwhile.Many organizations need a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators to encourage top-notch performance. Managers must ensure their organization has a very good employee reward program in place that promotes creativity and excellence. Feedback Providing ample feedback would work for employees motivated by esteem, while â€Å"providing predictable work, with minimal risk and uncertainty† would satisfy employees who desire security (Moyer ; Dunphy, 2007, p. 37). Any company that values its employees should provide feedback to their employee regularly.Feedback offers invaluable insight to employees about their performance that ultimately can affect the employees’ motivation. The key to a successful feedback is to focus on positive rather than negative feedback on the employees’ performance, which is the primary purpose of feedback. Feedback is not difficult but is a skill that all managers must master. Once mastered, managers have a powerful tool for sharing knowledge and facilitating knowledge skill enhancement. From Where Motivation Comes From Motivation may come from within a person or as the result of the situation.In contemporary workplaces, employees have become accustomed to external motivations such as bonuses, extra days off, contest prizes, etc†¦ The problem with motivation resulting from a situation is that they no longer motivate employees when they are no longer in the situation. External Motivation can make people dependent on things that are never part of a long-term motivational scene. If people want motivation to go deeper, they will have to find a way to create it within themselves or intrinsically. Internal motivation is self-motivation. It resides in everyone although it may be dormant. It is lasting and powerful.In combination with the external motivators mentioned earlier it is the foundation for success of organizations. Therefore, motivation comes from within and from a situation but self-motivation may be more powerful and last longer. Conclusion Overall, the motivational process is universal as all organizations through various strategies attempt to motivate employees in order to attain high performance and achieve organizational goals. The categorie s within these theories are wide-ranging thus suggesting that there are no definite motivator factors for each employee but each individual motivation is unique.Managers must consider many motivational factors and apply them to the employee’s need uniqueness. The basic element of the motivational process in management starts with the satisfaction of employees’ needs. For that reason, managers have to be proficient in the motivation arena in order to have employees performing and behaving well in the organization. It is essential for each organization to develop a motivational and rewarding recognition program. In addition, a good feedback program must be implemented to provide employees a valuable insight about their performance allowing them to realize the achievement of their goals.

Plains Indians Essays - Plains Tribes, Great Sioux War, Free Essays

Plains Indians Essays - Plains Tribes, Great Sioux War, Free Essays Plains Indians For many tribes of Plains Indians whose bison-hunting culture flourished during the 18th and 19th centuries, the sun dance was the major communal religious ceremony . . . the rite celebrates renewal - the spiritual rebirth of participants and their relatives as well as the regeneration of the living earth with all its components . . . The ritual, involving sacrifice and supplication to insure harmony between all living beings, continues to be practiced by many contemporary native Americans. -Elizabeth Atwood Lawrence As the most important ritual of the nomadic Plains Indians, the Sun Dance in itself presents many ideas, beliefs, and values of these cultures. Through its rich symbolism and complicated rituals we are able to catch a glimpse into these peoples' view of the world. A Sun Dance is held when a man feels the need to be a dancer to fulfill certain wishes, primarily "for his deliverance from his troubles, for supernatural aid, and for beneficent blessings upon all of his people." (Welker) It is this dancer who usually bears the expenses of the Sun Dance (Atwood), including a feast for all that comes to the celebration. (Welker) Motivations behind the Sun Dance varies slightly between tribes. The Crow held the ceremony to seek aid for revenge for family members killed in warfare. The entire event surrounding the Sun Dance generally lasts from four to seven days, though longer events exist. On the first day a tree is selected to serve as the sun-pole, the center pole for the Sun Dance Lodge, or New-Life-Lodge, as called by the Cheyenne. (Atwood) The selection of the tree is usually done by the eldest woman of the camp, who leads a group of elaborately dressed maidens to the tree to strip off its branches. On the next morning, right as the sun is seen over the eastern horizon, armed warriors charge the sun-pole. They attack the tree in effort to symbolically kill it with gunshots and arrows. Once it is dead it is cut down and taken to where the Sun Dance Lodge will be erected. (Schwatka) "Before raising the sun-pole, a fresh buffalo head with a broad centre strip of the back of the hide and tail (is) fastened with strong throngs to the top crotch of the sun-pole. Then the pole (is) raised and set firmly in the ground, with the buffalo head facing ! toward the setting-sun." (Welker) The tree represents the center of the world, connecting the heavens to the earth. (Smart p. 527) The lodge is then built by the main dancer and his clansmen. The fork of the lodge represents the eagle's nest. The eagle plays a large part in the Sun Dance for it is one of the Plains Indians' most sacred animal. The eagle flies high, being the closest creature to the Sun. Therefore it is the link between man and spirit, being the messenger that delivers prayers to the Wakan-Tanka (god). (Atwood) In addition to being a messenger, the eagle also represents many human traits. We can see what values and traits these cultures saw as being important in a person by those traits imposed upon such a sacred animal. The eagle is seen as courageous, swift, and strong. He has great foresight and knows everything. "In an eagle there is all the wisdom of the world." (Atwood) During the Sun Dance the eagle is the facilitator of communication between man and spirit. The Crow may be accompanied by a dancing eagle in his visions, the eagle "instructing him about the medicine acquired through the vision." (Atwood) The eagle's feathers can cure illnesses. During the Sun Dance a medicine man may use his eagle feather for healing, first touching the feather to the sun-pole then to the patient, transferring the energy from the pole to the ill. It is the buffalo, however, that makes up the main theme of the Sun Dance. In various stories it was the buffalo that began the ritual. The Shoshone believe that the buffalo taught someone the proper way to carry out the dance and the benefits in doing it. Buffalo songs, dances, and feast commonly accompany the Sun Dance. You can see from the symbolic influences

Missions and Omissions

Missions and Omissions Missions and Omissions Missions and Omissions By Mark Nichol The words listed and defined in this post all stem from the Latin verb mittere, which means â€Å"send.† They have in common the element mit (or miss). To admit (literally, â€Å"send to†), for example, is to allow something to enter or be sent in, though the word also pertains to acknowledging or conceding something. Such a concession is also referred to as an admission, while in addition, admission is the process or state of allowing entrance or the fee paid for entrance, and admissible means â€Å"able to be admitted† (usually in a legal context). To commit (â€Å"send with†) is to obligate or pledge oneself or another to a task, to entrust for safekeeping, or to promise resources; it also applies to carrying out a crime or to placing someone in a mental hospital or in prison. An obligation or pledge, or an act of entrusting or placing, is a commitment, while the enactment of a crime is a commission. That word also pertains to a group of people convened to accomplish a task (a commissioner is an individual given such a charge); committee is a cognate synonym. Commission also applies to a fee paid to an agent or an employee for selling something and to an authorization given to someone, as in the conferral of military authority and rank. As a verb, it applies to making an assignment or order or preparing a vessel for operation. Emit (â€Å"send out†) usually is employed in the context of giving out energy such as light or heat, or a scent. In addition, one may emit a sound, and something officially issued may be emitted. On who does so is an emitter, and an emission is something sent out; the term usually applies to exhaust fumes from a vehicle. To omit (â€Å"send out,† from the notion of sending it so that it is not included) is to leave out; something excluded is an omission. To permit (â€Å"send forward†) is to allow, and the word serves as a noun describing documentation allowing something to be done or to happen, while the authority granted to do something is permission. Remit (â€Å"send back†) pertains to sending something (such as money) or to canceling a debt or other obligation. The word is also a noun referring to an area of authority or responsibility, while the noun remission not only refers to canceling or reducing something but also to an improvement of health. (In this case, a patient is said to be in remission.) Submit (â€Å"send under†) means â€Å"place under control of another† or â€Å"refer to another for consideration†; the act of doing so in either sense is submission. (That word also pertains in the second sense to the thing submitted.) Transmit (â€Å"send across†) pertains to conveying something (such as a disease) or conducting energy or sending a message in the form of electric signals. In addition to serving as the noun form for these senses, transmission pertains to the system of parts that conveys power to a vehicle. (Informally, car mechanics and enthusiasts use the nickname tranny in this sense, though the word is also a sometimes pejorative truncation of the word transvestite.) Definitions for less common descendants of mittere follow: To demit (â€Å"send down†) is to resign or to withdraw from membership or office, to intermit (â€Å"send between†) is to discontinue, to manumit (â€Å"send from one’s hand†) is to release from slavery, and to pretermit (â€Å"send past†) is to let pass, neglect, or suspend. Demit has no forms in other parts of speech, but intermittent means â€Å"at intervals† or â€Å"seasonally,† an intermission is an interruption (usually, a scheduled break in the midst of a live performance or a film screening), and manumission is a synonym for emancipation (which shares an element meaning â€Å"hand†), or freeing from slavery. Pretermission is synonymous with omission. A subsequent post will detail members of the mittere family in which the root is disguised. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'ts"Owing to" vs "Due to"10 Terms for the Common People

Guy Fawkes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Guy Fawkes - Essay Example The political activism of Guy Fawkes, also known as Guido Fawkes, clearly conveys that an individual always has an intention to establish his own understanding about society and politics. Sometimes, such understanding or conceptions take forms of orthodoxy, depending on which a person learns to believe that his method is ultimately beneficiary for the society and its inhabitants. Though development of such understanding is a cumulative and communal process, an individual attempts to rage against any of such policies that violates his own ideologies. A violent form of defiance of such ideologies ultimately gives birth to acts of terrorism, aimed against destroying all forms of socio-political mechanisms which the individual or individuals consider existing in contrary to their respective ideological observations. Such belief of Guy Fawkes and his associates led to planning of the Gunpowder Treason, by which they attempted to bring an end to rule of King James I and the new policies th at he wished to implement for further development of the English society during the 1600s. Guy Fawkes was born on April 13th, 1970 in York as the only son of Edward Fawkes and Edith Blake. Though his early childhood was quite simple, soon he encountered series of tragedies in the form of death of his father and secret remarriage of his mother in a catholic family (â€Å"Guy Fawkes, On the Trail of the Gunpowder Plotters†, 2). Though he was basically from a protestant family, he never really appreciated the protestant religious outlook since his childhood. It seems that the main reasons for his Catholic orientation were his upbringing and education at St. Peter’s School at York. During his education in this school he came into close proximity with several other students, some of whom, later on, became active participants of the Gunpowder plot. The phase of 1582

Estuary Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Estuary Project - Essay Example The first step is to engage measures that aim to reduce, completely, the pollution to which the estuary is prone. This entails the employment of toxic reduction programs, which have the long time goals of reducing the load of toxic pollutants. Other additional measures include engaging in economic incentives that discourage the use of toxic raw materials and subsequently the production of harmful waste products. People and industries should be made accountable to their waste disposal mechanisms lest they wilfully engage in polluting the estuary, which are environmental audits. Environmentally friendly agricultural practises should be encouraged and advertised for those who are ignorant. These agricultural practises might need to include the creation of means via which pesticides will not penetrate the estuary. A disturbing fact is that new commercial products are being created and sold in the market daily. Some of these new products will be a source of pollution. Thus, pollution prev ention will not be complete if this avenue is not analysed. In this regard, stewardship programs should be employed that seek to guide on the reduction of pollution attributed to new commercial products in the market. ... Additionally, the accumulation of mercury and selenium should be controlled in respect to the source and sinks. A major concern, in pollution control, will be to manage the amount of run off arising from public and private establishments. Appropriate measures have been put in place to check on this, it varies from the implementation of ordinance and education the general public on the appropriate ways of managing run-offs. Additionally, measures have been proposed to curb and control the amount of pollution arising from energy and transportation systems. In the context of controlling pollution, the role played by mines and agricultural toxic waste has also been analyzed. Various avenues have been proposed in reaching this goal (Gordon Becker, 2011). When all this is done, it is of fundamental importance to check on the significance of pollution on the life of wildlife and the human population. This entails the cleaning up of pollutants of the aquatic species in the estuary. Additiona lly, the source of food for these species should be checked. Subsequently, the deposits or hot spots of the sediments be it mercury or selenium should be controlled if not completely eradicated. All these measures mentioned above are being employed in the endeavour of finally making the water quality better and conducive for life. An additional objective is to improve the water quality via the restoration and improvement of the tidal wetland functions. Subsequently, the riparian and floodplain actions in the wetland will also be improved. Aside from the aspect of pollution, biotic and abiotic factors impede on the productivity and diversity of life present and dependent on the estuary. The abiotic factors that affect the estuary consist of the amount of sunshine that is

Arab Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Arab Culture - Essay Example Arabic culture traces its roots from the Arabian Peninsula next to the Sabaens where they ended up migrating the near east that consists of the ancient cities of Mesopotamia and Lavant. In order to understand better the Arabic culture, it is important to look at several key factors that define the great culture. Language factors, religious viewpoint and practices, fashion and architecture are some vital areas that shape the great Arabic culture. My essay analyses the Arab culture in depth looking at the very important factors that drives its existence. Arabic language having a close relation to Aramaic and Hebrew is evidently the chief language in the Semitic category of Afro-Asiatic language (Young). All the Arabian nations including some Islamic communities have adopted the Arabic language as their own making it the vernacular language and the most holy in their life. Qur’an, the Islamic holy book, written in Arabic shows this great culture’s contribution to the Islamic religion where they find it difficult to translate it into any other language and fail to lose the teachings of the Holy book. Classical Arabic is the name given to the language that is used in The Holy Qur’an, having some distinction from the modern day Arabic language. The book contains chapters and verses written in various parables, verses and narratives that are an inspiration by Allah. This holy book is the major source of inspiration and teachings among the Islam religion, guiding their morals and behavior in the larger society. Most Arabs are Muslims embracing the Islamic religion. Islam being the second most popular world religion Christianity coming first is a monotheist type of religion believing in the existence of one God whom they refer to as Allah (Mikenola). The scriptures that govern the Islamic religion are all included in the holy Qur’an that was revealed to the Muslim faith through their prophet Muhammad.

The Best Lesson My Dad Taught Me Essay Example for Free

The Best Lesson My Dad Taught Me Essay The best lesson my dad taught me was†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. To always be honest. I’m glad he taught me this because at home if I do something wrong and he knows I’m lying and I tell the truth, I get in less trouble instead of getting things taken away. He tells me the odds are in my favor if I listen. I agree with him because I wouldn’t want my kids to lie to me. You always get in less trouble if you don’t lie. I only lived for about 13 years but every single second I learned more and more. It always ends up embarrassing after telling a lie and someone has found out. We all must admit it, weve ALL lied. Nobody likes a liar. My dad will say are you sure with your answer and if I say no I tell him the truth and he says don’t do it again. If your gonna lie to your friends its just stupid because eventually they will find and you will lose them. Before I ever answer some thing I ask myself, â€Å"is it worth lying about it. † Then I just follow my conscience. I don’t always make the right choice, but I learn from my mistakes. My dad is 40 years old and he told me had made more mistakes in a year than I do in 13. Just tell the truth because if you’re my kid that is the easiet part of life. I love him to death and wouldn’t trade him for the world!

How Do Textual Features Combine To Convey A Theme Of The Poem? :: essays research papers

How do Textual Features Combine To Convey a Theme of the Poem?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Milton wrote extensively throughout his life, and studied literature profoundly. His cunningness and literary techniques were observed in all of his literature. However, at the prime of his life, his weak eyes gave as his intense work and studies caused his blindness. As a result of this tragedy, Milton created a sonnet about his blindness. He questioned the meaning of this tragedy, of the future, and God for his blindness within the sonnet. Even though his whole life and work involved his eyes, he accepted this eventually. Within Milton's sonnet about his blindness: figurative language, personification, his intent and prosody are adopted to convey his questions and heart felt acceptance of his blindness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Milton uses figurative language to express his grievances and discontent. He reflects upon his life and â€Å"how my light is spent,† or the time he had his sight. Milton then expresses the feeling of the â€Å"dark world and wide† of the blind as his introduction to his questions. He begins to question his writing that only death can take away (â€Å"...one talent which is death to hide..†), â€Å" lodged... useless† within him because of his new blindness. As a result, Milton begins to question God, â€Å"Doth God exact day-labour, light denied?† Milton wonders as to the meaning of his blindness; Does God want him to continue to write, even with his blindness, or what does God really mean? At first his tone seems harsh, but his feelings are redirected as he answers his own questions in time. His last question to God, was answered by himself as he realizes that he cannot blame God for his actions. His figurative language from the point he begins to question, up to where he begins to answer his own questions are full of implications of his thought. These implications must be picked out in order to make sense of the feeling and statement Milton is trying to make.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Furthermore, Milton uses personification to express the importance of words and values. He personifies â€Å"Patience† as if patience were a man who replies for him. Patience is his reasoning for accepting the fact that he is blind. It is used to introduce the answer towards his questioning, and as a change or turning point within the sonnet. As in standard Petrarchian sonnets this change is in the 8-9 line, and a transition between problem and solution is achieved. The problem was whether or not he should continue to write. Yet, in line 8 the personification conveys the theme of acceptance through Patience.

Medical Tourism: Study Case of Ijn

Medical Tourism Sustainability through the Export Market Orientation Behaviours: The Case Study of Institut Jantung Negara (IJN) Ili-Salsabila Abd-Razak1 and Asmat Nizam Abdul Talib Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah, MALAYSIA The inclusion of tourism sector as one of the 12 recognized national key economic areas (NKEA) for the 10th Malaysia Plan represent the sector’s prospect in not only driving the nation’s economy, but also transforming the country into a high-income economy by 2020. With approximately 10 years left, many concerned groups are keen to know how this will be achieved.This paper aims at exposing the prospects of medical tourism as an essential subsector of tourism which would offer a number of proven benefits, and hence contribute to accomplishing the government aspiration of transforming the nation’s economy via the said sector. In discussing the subject, the case study method is employed involving Institut Jantung Negara (IJN) as an emerging medi cal tourism provider in the country. Findings of the case study are presented herein. Key words: medical tourism, economy, Institut Jantung NegaraIntroduction The promising prospect of tourism as an economic stimulator has enabled it to be included in the list of 12 National Key Economic Areas (NKEA), which has been specifically drafted to transform the Malaysian economy into high-income economy by year 2020. While there are tremendous numbers of tourism categories, ranging from environment, cultural, sports, and entertainment, to name a few, this paper intend to highlight on the prospects of medical tourism as a significant tourism-related economic contributor in this country. Connell (2006) defined medical tourism as health-related tourism involving specific medical intervention. Among the most popular medical tourism products are orthopaedic and cardiac surgery, which are very popular among Asian medical tourism providers, as well as executive health evaluations, cosmetic surgery , joint replacement, and similar complex medical, surgical and dental procedures (Horowitz and Rosensweig, 2007).Therefore this is a distinguished industry than that of the wider health tourism industry which involves tourists travelling to search for spas, yoga and meditation, or any other forms of health tourism (Connell, 2006; Garcia Altes, 2005). 1 Email: ili. [email  protected] com 169 In a relatively detailed account of medical tourism development which began in 1800s, Schroth and Khawaja (2007) proposed that the current phenomenon is different due to the unique combination of global demand and supply within the international medical market.As observed in the region, this proposition is regarded as well-founded. The present development of medical tourism in the international market is very unique, manifested by the escalating statistics of players, patients and revenues generated around the globe of late. How Malaysia is positioned within this backdrop, and how it would affe ct the development of this fast emerging economy, are among the focus of discussion of this paper. The Statistical Development of Medical Tourism Medical tourism has been a very significant industry over the years.By judging from its health travel umbrella, the sector is expected to generate some handsome revenue of RM240 billion (roughly USD73 billion) in 2010, with ASEAN contributing RM9. 6 billion (roughly USD3 billion) (PEMANDU, 2010). Specifically focusing on medical tourism industry, the anticipated revenue to be generated in Asia is RM14. 2 billion by 2012 (roughly USD4. 3 billion), with Malaysia is expected to bring in RM2. 1 billion (roughly USD64 million) from that amount (Ang, 2009).As a comparison, India, another top Asian medical tourism destination, expects to gain USD2 billion by the same year (Connell, 2006; Horowitz and Rosensweig, 2007). These statistics surely are translated by a growing number of medical tourists around the globe. The movement of medical tourists is another significant indicator of this trend. At the global stage, approximately 350 000 medical tourists moved from developed nations to less developed countries for treatment in 2003, while a year later 1. 18 million patients travelled to India alone and another 1. million to Thailand for the same reason (Horowitz and Rosensweig, 2007). Glancing at the local development, the Association of Private Hospitals of Malaysia (APHM) has been projecting for a stable 30% growth of takings from foreign patients until 2010. This is apparent from the steady increase of foreign patients to Malaysia which recorded a total of 39 114 patients in 1998 and 374 063 patients ten years later (APHM; Liow, 2009). In terms of revenue, RM14. 1 million was documented in 1998 before jumped to RM299. million in 2008 (APHM; Liow, 2009), and is expected to contribute to another RM540 million in 2010 (Leonard, 2009). The revenue per patient has almost tripled from RM360 in 1998 to RM800 in 2008 (Choy, 2010). In the latest development, medical tourism is expected to generate RM4294. 4 million of Gross National Income, together with 5295 jobs in 2020 (PEMANDU, 2010). This occurrence has readily attracted a number of giant MNCs with diversified structure such as General Electric (GE) to invest further in the industry (Panjanadan, 2010). The Revolution of Medical TourismThe presented statistics did not appear by chance. The numbers occurred out of plausible factors. The development of medical tourism industry is indeed different (Horowitz and Rosensweig, 2007). As mentioned earlier, Schroth and Khawaja attributed the uniqueness of the industry’s current development to the forces of market’s demand and supply, which is in resonance with Horowitz and Rosensweig (2007) who ascribed it to the movement of patients from industrialized nations to less developed countries. Connell (2006) argued that medical tourism is a niche which 170 xperienced rapid growth and has become an indust ry. The said paper also enlisted several factors promoting the development of medical tourism, such as the low costs factor, the long waiting list, the relatively affordable international air travel and favourable exchange rate, plus the aging of the baby boomers generation. These factors are also often cited in a number of studies regarding medical tourism such as Hansen (2008), Herrich (2007), Horowitz and Rosensweig (2007), Garcia Altes (2005), Marlowe and Sullivan (2007), and Schroth and Khawaja (2007), to name a few.Apart from these popular factors, other notable factors motivating the development of the industry spotted in the literature extent are the use of internet and mobility of technology, the unavailability of certain procedures in the local market, and the reduced trade barriers encouraging the mobility of workforce. Hansen (2008) argued that the revolution in medical tourism today is consumer-driven. This is in line with Horowitz and Rosensweig (2007) who argued that the industry is market driven with complex involvement of multitude medical, economic, social and political factors.While the progress of the industry seems to be very promising, the general overview of Malaysia’s involvement at the international level is not very charming. Even though medical tourism experienced an astounding per annum growth of 22% from 2004 to 2009, the global share is still considered as small with RM350 million in 2010 (PEMANDU, 2010). Furthermore, PEMANDU also reported that while the global healthcare travel is a multi-million dollar industry, Malaysia is yet to get a sizeable share.The said industry is expected to generate USD75 billion of revenue in 2010 at the global level, while Malaysia is expected to make about USD0. 1 billion. The statistics provide a brief sight on the development in the country weighted against the global development. Malaysia should therefore be proactive enough to catch up with the global progress to stay competitive in the i ndustry. To enable this, the players and responsible parties must quickly recognize potential constraints that can hamper the development and address the issues well.The Required Expertise and the Potential Economic Opportunities Based on previous arguments, medical tourism offers bountiful opportunities and chances. In order to remain competitive at the global stage, marketing strategies should be revised against the present circumstances. Marketing the medical expertise and offerings should be distinctively conducted. The primary concern of assessing an excellent marketing strategy is the effectiveness of the strategies implemented.StuartKregor (2005) argued that defining marketing excellence for medical-related industry is different with that of the commercial-based industry. As customer is the centre of marketing excellent in the industry, the paper suggested that the effectiveness of marketing strategies should then be done by measuring the customer’s satisfaction over t he service provided. Therefore, all other marketing excellence measured by considering the profit, return on investment or sales as in any other commercial industries should be changed to be more customer-oriented rather than organizationaloriented. Building he strategies can be done by â€Å"developing, communicating and delivering the right emotional benefits to the targeted customers† (Stuart-Kregor, 2005, pp. 117). The right emotional benefit here is viewed as brand by Stuart-Kregor (2005). This paper is in agreement with the argument, which is to develop the marketing strategies by focusing on the emotional benefits (brands), and assess the effectiveness of the strategies by measuring the satisfactions of the customer. Further discussion on this is available in the next section. 171 The science of excellent marketing strategies would be wasted without a good delivery system.The state of local expertise, technologies and facilities must be attended to in order to assess t he quality of the service offered against the global level. This is where the industry should strive to be as similar as other excellent providers. The commodification of medical tourism (Chee, 2007) is an evident of this occurrence. Dunn (2007) argued that patients are making choices on medical tourism destinations based on how similar is the service delivered, especially concerning patients from industrialized nations, and the service is expected to come with much lower price.Consequently, it is observed that patients are not looking for low cost products at the expense of the quality in the industry. Successful players realize this and capitalize on the factors well. This explains the rapid movement of workforce and technologies across the four corners of the world. India as an example has been successful in luring its medical doctors who have been trained and worked abroad to return with their internationally recognized expertise and work in the country.Thailand and United Arab Emirates have been successful in rearranging for international collaboration in the industry (Schroth and Khawaja, 2007). Through these strategies, the countries have been able to keep their expertise, technologies and facilities up with the global standard. Proposed Strategies of Reviving and Sustaining Medical Tourism: The Case of IJN With the national governments’ involvement recently (Chee, 2007; Noor Hazilah, Roslan Johari and Kadar, 2010; PEMANDU, 2010), the industry has been attracting the interest of many concerned parties.Since the medical tourism is fast becoming a commodity (Chee, 2007), its marketing strategies should be focusing more on brands and less on products to be distinctive than other providers. As in Malaysia, the country is capable of offering similar products with the rest of other players in the world. While Malaysia has been focusing on cost all this while, it is suggested then for the country to deliver a unique brand which is capable of attracting the interest of potential medical tourists, without desecrating the cost advantage.In order to do so, it is particularly important for the players to implement the export market orientation behaviours within their organization, which are generating, disseminating and responding to the export market intelligence (Cadogan, Diamantopoulos and de Mortanges, 1999). Consequently, Malaysia is expected to be able to woo medical tourism patients even more. Hazilah et al. (2010) reported that a medical tourist spends double than a regular tourist while they are in the country. This high buying power therefore is capable of generating more economic opportunities.The medical tourist needs are also offering a lot of opportunities for Malaysian. Apart from medical attention, they need to have accommodation for their accompanying family members. New jobs have been underway to better serve the medical tourists, such as the healthcare broker. A healthcare broker assists the patient to choose a medic al institute and arrange for the patient’s needs while in here, including visa, accommodation and holiday arrangement. Thanks to the internet, these can be arranged prior to the patient’s arrival in the country.To describe more of these strategies and opportunities, this paper choose to present the IJN as a case study merit the discussion. The National Heart Institute or Institut Jantung Negara (IJN) has been established in 1992. The privatization of the institute was done on many premises, especially concerning the potential it has to expand its expertise and to liberalize the 172 financial capabilities of the institute. IJN did not take long to materialize that. A year after its privatization the institute has been able to be financially liberalized and hence reduce the government intervention in its administration.By now, IJN has accomplished a great number of medical milestones recognized not only in the country and the region, but also internationally. To further advance ahead in medical industry, IJN is joining its local peer private institutions to take part in the global medical tourism industry. The previous mentioned factors of global medical tourism industry’s progressive development served as the basis for IJN to be a part of the industry. Besides, like Singapore, the medical tourism industry in Malaysia is receiving a lot of government’s assistants.Being a nationally structured industry, medical tourism therefore is regarded as a potential industry in which would be able to position IJN better. The Malaysian government has been playing an active role in developing the industry in Malaysia since 1998. The main driver of this is to revive the private medical industry after the 1997 Asian economic downturn which has affected the industry very badly. The success story of Thailand which managed to get the industry out of the crisis by focusing on delivering the service to foreign patients has prompt the government to encoura ge private players to do the same.Consequently, while Thailand has been restructuring the industry without much government involvement, Malaysia and Singapore has been leveraging the industry well with cooperation between the public and the private sectors. IJN has been viewing this very positively and has since become a significant player in the region. While being rapidly developing the industry, the players recognized several major constraints which are able to slow down the progress. Coordination is a key constraint. To increase coordination, the Association of Private Hospitals of Malaysia (APHM) was formed to increase coordination between the private players.The steadily increasing number of foreign patients and revenues generated since 1998 as shown in Table 1 is an evident of the successful strategies implemented. However the industry, weighted against the global development, was still considered as insignificant. Resulting from the government’s enthusiasm towards med ical tourism as a prospective economic driver industry, and the intensity and potentials portrayed by private sectors, the Malaysia Healthcare Travel Council (MHTC) was established in July 2009.The main purpose of the council is to coordinate promotional activities of medical and healthcare tourism industry in the country. As a part of the economic transformation program, the industry is expected to shift their attention to generate higher patients’ volume, expand the target market beyond Indonesia which is currently the main market of the industry, create alliance across border, and enhance customer experience in the first phase of the strategy. In the following phase, more attention is given on mproving the infrastructure and specialists capacity to attract the more profitable in-patient segment (PEMANDU, 2010). 173 Table 1. The Volume of Foreign Patients and Revenue Generated by Medical Tourism Industry in Malaysia Year 1998 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Medical Tourists/Foreign Patients 39,114 75,210 84,585 102,946 174,189 232,161 296,687 341,288 374,063 Revenue (RM million) 14. 1 n/a 35. 9 58. 9 105. 0 150. 9 203. 66 253. 84 299. 1 Another strategy to improve the medical tourism performance is through focusing on specific players.There are approximately 223 private hospitals operating in the country in 2008 (Frost & Sullivan, 2009). Of this number, the government has decided to focus on 35 private hospitals to capitalize on the industry with several characteristics outlined. The characteristics include being a member of APHM, has obtained the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH), ISO or other international accreditations, offers major specialties and/or some sub-specialties, provides for a minimum 50 beds, and has its own websites.IJN has been one of the selected 35. The commitment demonstrated by IJN towards the industry is paramount. In order to be internationally recognized, the institute has been striving hard to be in the s ame par with the other international organizations. IJN has been accredited by JCI in 2009, which is a recognition of the strong culture of safety and quality within the organization. The internationally recognized accreditation is expected to improve IJN’s international positioning in the future.IJN realizes that in order to make the most of the industry, it needs to build a customer-oriented system. Beginning in 2006, the institute has been conducting the Customer Focused Program. The program was aimed at transforming IJN into a global centre of excellence by ensuring customers’ satisfaction. In 2008, the institute launched what was designed as the second phase of the program, called Customer Focused Culture. While the CFP was initiated to increase awareness of ensuring customers’ satisfaction, the CFC aimed at internalizing the institute’s shared values across the rganization. IJN also comprehend its capacity constraint which is becoming the largest hi ndrance from going big in the global medical tourism industry. Apart from improving on its culture system, the institute has been adamant in enhancing its infrastructure capabilities. A major extension work has been carried out at IJN to expand its capacities from 270 beds to 432, eight wards to 13, 23 outpatient clinic rooms to 59, and an international patient centre, to improve its service for customers.This is in line with numerous governments’ incentives offered to the private hospitals embarking on medical tourism industry to expand their infrastructure capacities. In August 2009, IJN has its new wing officiated by the Malaysian Prime Minister, who acknowledged that the institute has undergone RM230 million expansion program since 2005. In the same ceremony, the Prime Minister has also announced the proposal for IJN to become a research and development institute, measuring itself against the international best heart institute such as the Cleveland Clinic Heart Centre in the US.These are all evidences of how IJN has been greatly employing the export market orientation behaviors within its organization. In commenting the current development of the industry, IJN has expressed its concern for the country to be more progressive towards promoting medical tourism. 174 The IJN Holdings Group Managing Director, Datuk Mohd. Radzif Mohd. Yunus mentioned that the failure for Malaysia to capitalize on its capabilities in the industry would result to the loss of human capital as they will migrate to other countries with better offers.This is also reiterated by Datuk Syed Hussien Al-Habshee, the Secretary General of National Chambers of Commerce and Industry Malaysia (NCCIM) who said that the country need to step up its marketing efforts of medical tourism if it wants to catch up with Thailand and Singapore. PEMANDU (2010) has confirmed the assertion by reporting on the stronger growth of the industry by neighboring Thailand and Singapore. The set up of MHTC and several other initiatives are therefore deemed as timely to help Malaysia to rise in the industry at the global stage.Conclusion and Recommendation As exemplified in the discussion, medical tourism offers a lot of economic opportunities and hence is indeed a potential contributor to economic growth. However, Malaysia, while has been enjoying the growth of the industry vehemently over the pass few years, has not been capitalizing the industry well compared to the other global players. Therefore, the Malaysian players need to revise their marketing strategies and delivery system, as represented by IJN.The cooperative efforts between the public (government) and the private sectors too must be further carried on, especially for the sake of protecting the interests of the local society and the survival of the medical tourism players. It is strongly suggested for medical tourism players in the country to leverage on their expertise by focusing the marketing strategies on brands rather tha n on products, as well as enhancing on their infrastructure and culture systems to be more export market-oriented. In doing so, however, the players must not disregard the country’s current edge, which is the competitive cost.In terms of theoretical development, this paper is believed to be able to expose the medical tourism niche and its economic opportunities, as well as the marketing strategies fitting the industry. Quite a number of studies involving Malaysian medical tourism industry have been conducted. Nonetheless, this paper presents the scenario from the view of a single case study. It is highly suggested for similar studies to be conducted with the presence of empirical data to see the quantifiable aspects of the industry in the future.With such studies, it is expected that further theoretical contributions can be made, and hence the progress of the industry can then be expedited even more. Reference Ang, Elaine. Malaysian Medical Tourism Growing. The Star, February 14, 2009. Cadogan, J. W. , Diamantopoulos, A. , & de Mortanges, C. P. (1999). A measure of export market orientation: Scale development and cross-cultural validation. Journal of International Business Studies, 30(4), 689-707. Chee, H. L. (2007, January). Medical tourism in Malaysia: International movement of healthcare consumers and the commodification of healthcare. ARI Working Paper, No. 3. Retrieved from www. ari. nus. edu. sg/pub/wps. htm Choy, L. B. (2010, April 13). Medical tourism good for Malaysia’s health. News Straits Times. Retrieved from http://findarticles. com/p/news-articles/newstraits-times/mi_8016/is_20100413/ medical-tourism-malaysias health/ai_n53130944/ 175 Connell, J. (2006). Medical Tourism: Sea, sun, sand and †¦ surgery. Tourism Management, 27. 1093-1100. Dunn, P. 2007. Medical Tourism Takes Flight. Hospitals and Health Networks, 81(11): 40-44. Frost & Sullivan (2009, October 28). Frost & Sullivan: Growing healthcare tourism in Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www. alaysiahealthcare. com/ Garcia-Altes, A. (2005). The development of health tourism services. Annals of Tourism Research, 32 (1): 262-266. Hansen, F. (2008). A revolution in healthcare. Review-Institute of Public Affairs, 59(4), 43-45. Health and medical tourism will boost growth: Datuk Liow Tiong Lai. The Star, November 08, 2008. Retrieved from http://www. wellnessvisit. com/liowhealth-and-medical-tourism-will-boost-growth. php Herrick, D. M. (2007, November). Medical tourism: Global competition in health care. NCPA Policy Report, No. 304. Retrieved from www. ncpa. org/pub/st/st304 Horowitz, M. D. Rosensweig, J. A. , & Jones, C. A. (2007). Medical tourism: Globalization of healthcare marketplace. Medscape General Medicine, 9(4), 33. Leonard, T. (2009, October 28). Medical tourists to bring in RM540mil by 2020. Retrieved from http://www. malaysiahealthcare. com/ Marlowe, J. , & Sullivan, P. (2007). Medical tourism: The ultimate outsourcing. HR. Human Resource Planni ng, 30(2), 8-10. Noor Hazilah Abd Manaf, Roslan Johari Dato’ Mohd Ghazali, & Kadar Marikar. (2010). â€Å"Positioning Malaysia in Medical Tourism†. Paper presented at the International Conference on Marketing (ICMAR), June 2010, in Kuala Lumpur.Panjanadan, S. (2009, August 9). GE looking into enhancing presence in tourism Retrieved from healthcare. http://bernama. com/bernama/v5/newsbusiness. php? id=519842 PEMANDU (2010, September 21). Healthcare-EPP Panels. Retrieved from http://www. pemandu. gov. my/index. php? option=com_content&view=article&i d=619&Itemid=139&lang=en Schroth, L. , & Khawaja, R. (2007). Globalization of healthcare. Frontiers of Health Services Management, 24(2), 19-30. Speech by YB Dato’ Sri Liow Tiong Lai, Minister of Health Malaysia, at the APHM International Healthcare Conference and Exhibition at KLCC,