Prewriting Essay

1.   I would write about love because I feel love is a tree and romance is just one of its branches. There are other dimensions of love as well apart from romance. In the essay I would touch upon all these dimensions. Apart from love between a man and a woman, there is love between a teacher and a student, love between two friends, love between a man and his pet, love between a celebrity and his fans, love between siblings. I would touch upon all these dimensions of love in the essay. Then I would bring into focus the most divine form of love and that is the love between a mother and her child. I would elaborate on how unique this form of love is and it cannot die or change no matter how advanced the world becomes. I would write that the bond between a mother and her child is natural. This is because they are physically attached to each other for nine months. Due to the capacity of bearing children mothering instinct comes naturally to women. The intensity of this instinct might vary from person to person but it cannot be completely absent in a woman. A mother always prioritizes her child above herself. This selflessness is rare in all the other dimensions of love. I would also focus on the main concepts like jealousy, codependency, idealization, stereotyping etc. that involve different types of relations and would connect all these concepts to a mother-child relationship. This would help in understanding this divine attachment between two human beings in more depth. I would conclude the essay by weaving all the main points highlighted above into a string of points that would point towards the main idea that though there are many forms of love, the love between a mother and a child always excels above others. 2.   I would write about why we need gossip in our culture. I think that gossip is one of the necessities of human beings and all of us love to indulge in it whether consciously or unconsciously. But there are very few of us who like to accept our inclination to indulge in gossip. Even when we are gossiping about our classmates, colleagues, neighbors, celebrities, teachers etc. our conscious mind always tries to project ourselves as a person who does not indulge in this kind of lowly activities. In the essay I would like to focus on the fact that the intensity of our indulgence or love for gossip might differ from one person to another but just like other necessities like food, water, shelter etc. this also becomes one of our needs. I would write that one of the main reasons why some people gossip less when compared to others is because they have less time than the others in this fast paced world. In this context I would quote the example of the reality show, ‘Big Brother’ where the participants are not allowed anything other than the basic necessities and apart from food it is gossip that gives them the strength to survive in a controlled environment. I would write that no matter what the age or the background of the participants is every one uses this tool to ooze out his anger, distress or dissatisfaction. Some people start instantly while others take a little time to open up but ultimately every one engages in this activity. To conclude I would point out that all of us abhor the term gossip attached to our personalities. But in reality this should not be the case. We do not want to accept this important need of our existence because we relate only negative points to this activity. We should consider gossip as a way of socializing which is yet another important requirement of a healthy human mind. It helps in taking out the baggage that we carry in our inner self. However we should always try to indulge in healthy gossip instead of dirty gossip meant to malign others. In healthy gossip many people would be our friends while in the latter we will invite more foes. 3.   I would like to write about the changing attitude towards dating. Years ago dating was a taboo. Then it became an acceptable part of our society. Now it is indispensable for any relationship to bloom. The courtship period that comprises of dating and  calling cannot be imagined without these elements of love. In the essay I would write about changing attitude towards dating not only in the western culture but also in other cultures. There are a many cultures for, example in Asia, where interaction between girls and boys was not acceptable till recent times but since dating has become an integral part of western culture, these cultures are also getting influenced by this concept. The difference in the change of attitude in the  Asian countries compared to  the western  countries is that though it is being accepted the level of acceptance is lower in the Asian countries. I would highlight the point that how gradually dating has started being considered as a means of just spending a good time with the person towards whom one is romantically inclined unlike the yesteryears where it was considered a foundation of long term relationships. In the conclusion of the essay, I would write that courtship consists of dating but not vice versa. Where dating is just for fun, flirting is likely to be one of its components. 4.  Ã‚  I would like to write about anxiety disorder. In the beginning of the essay I would present an overview of the disease. I would mention that many disorders are collectively referred as anxiety disorder. These disorders are generalized anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, specific phobia, agoraphobia etc. In fact anxiety disorder is a blanket term that encompasses within itself different types of anxiety, fear, nervous condition or phobia. It can occur suddenly or gradually and can affect people of different age groups and genders. Then I would focus on the causes. Apart from the psychological causes, I would also touch upon the hereditary and genetic causes of the disease. This disease disrupts the day-to-day activities of the people suffering from it. I would write about the symptoms of anxiety disorders. For example there are psychological symptoms like social avoidance, depression, frustration, lack of concentration etc. Apart from that there are physical symptoms too, for example dizzy spells, fatigue, chest pain etc. This would throw light upon how it affects the people suffering from it. Apart from medication there are other things like good family atmosphere, indulgence in some constructive work and exercises that help in the recovery process. I would mention that the people suffering from it should be honest to the practitioners so that they  get cured in the right way.

Palestine vs. Israel

Palestinians deserve to have peace after what had happened in Gaza, I mean, who would dare hurt the people and the earth itself. It's causing agony to the Palestinians when they did nothing but willing to share, however the Hams were involved in payback towards the Israel's which is probably a smart idea for them. Although, what the Hams did to get revenge was Just thoughtless of what they did because first they are unprepared to defend their area. And their area is beneath, down in the basement with no secure at all.What's depressing of all is hearing and seeing innocent children get killed by a bomb that was not smart of the Israel's. Recently, they shot a bomb at an elementary school where hundreds or thousands of children died and it was Just truly Especially for the littlest ones who are scared out of their wits! I can't even imagine the danger that is going on and â€Å"if I were to† experience a â€Å"life or death† situation, it would be terrifying. Also, within my soul; I can feel the excruciating pain from the Palestinians because of the sympathy I have ND it's as well as I should say that I AM one of THEM!What irks me the most are the people who are Just watching the torturous event happen which is dumb not do take a stand for what is obviously right and I honestly wish I can do something, but at age fifteen I appear to be too young (Yet, I did not say that I won't do anything when clearly I will as I get older, but the simplest thing that I can do is write a heartfelt letter to the people of this world and for them to briefly be inspired by it as I will too) o do anything extraordinary by changing the Middle East into peace between Israel and Palestine.I do BELIEVE that I can definitely transform the negativity energy with a much positive aspect for the people who need It and deserve It. There will be a chance to spread the Word that Is needed to be HEARD In order to bring PEACE for our people In the Middle EAST of a Land that will soo n be called (In my opinion) â€Å"Plasterer† as an official name. Everything Is possible If the World gathers together to unite!! Palestine vs. Israel Palestinians deserve to have peace after what had happened in Gaza, I mean, who would dare hurt the people and the earth itself. It's causing agony to the Palestinians when they did nothing but willing to share, however the Hams were involved in payback towards the Israel's which is probably a smart idea for them. Although, what the Hams did to get revenge was Just thoughtless of what they did because first they are unprepared to defend their area. And their area is beneath, down in the basement with no secure at all.What's depressing of all is hearing and seeing innocent children get killed by a bomb that was not smart of the Israel's. Recently, they shot a bomb at an elementary school where hundreds or thousands of children died and it was Just truly Especially for the littlest ones who are scared out of their wits! I can't even imagine the danger that is going on and â€Å"if I were to† experience a â€Å"life or death† situation, it would be terrifying. Also, within my soul; I can feel the excruciating pain from the Palestinians because of the sympathy I have ND it's as well as I should say that I AM one of THEM!What irks me the most are the people who are Just watching the torturous event happen which is dumb not do take a stand for what is obviously right and I honestly wish I can do something, but at age fifteen I appear to be too young (Yet, I did not say that I won't do anything when clearly I will as I get older, but the simplest thing that I can do is write a heartfelt letter to the people of this world and for them to briefly be inspired by it as I will too) o do anything extraordinary by changing the Middle East into peace between Israel and Palestine.I do BELIEVE that I can definitely transform the negativity energy with a much positive aspect for the people who need It and deserve It. There will be a chance to spread the Word that Is needed to be HEARD In order to bring PEACE for our people In the Middle EAST of a Land that will soo n be called (In my opinion) â€Å"Plasterer† as an official name. Everything Is possible If the World gathers together to unite!!

Napoleon Was A Child Of The Enlightenment Essay

Assess the validity of this statement by using specific policies and attitudes of Napoleon. I think saying â€Å"Napoleon was a child of the Enlightenment† is not correct thing. It is true that he strengthened the France world power, but he was an absolute dictator that did tyranny and abolished the right that was newly gained. He was a very innovative ruler. But although he won from the every war until he lost from the war with Russia, and enjoyed the victory, this caused the huge side effects and great social confusion and disorder across the Europe. As the France three national spirits are â€Å"Freedom†, â€Å"Equality†, and â€Å"Philanthropy†, Napoleon spread these spirits to the conquered area. But the problem is as France intended the equality and the royal authority of king was weaker than other, this naturally threatened the power and royal authority to monarchies. This caused Europe conflict each other after the Napoleon domination, Divided by two groups: Maintaining the French spirit that Napoleon spread, and going back to the age bef ore Napoleon domination. Second, after the French Revolution that was held by publics, the gender discrimination was disappeared. This means, the equal rights were given to the women for the first time of the French history. But as he accessed the power, he abolished this big revolution and change for increasing the stability or France.

Materiality in Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Materiality in Auditing - Essay Example Materiality is more of a limit point than a main qualitative feature that the information must have so as to be significant. It shows the need of omission or presentation of the accountancy information that defines the decision making of the users of that information. The materiality that is adopted should represent the value in the report with which it is being determined. It should indicate whether the miss-statements and omissions in the accounts, show whether the accounts offer a true, complete, accurate and fair view of the financial position and performance of an entity. Consequently, materiality represents the degree of error under which the understanding and interpretation of the financial statements will not be greatly affected. On the other hand, it represents the degree of error that is acceptable in order to make a decision on whether the accounts are true or false (Maria and Franca 2012, p.268). According to Maria and Franca 2012, p.268, the major users of the financial audit reports are the shareholders. The audit report gives a guidance to the shareholders on how they will go about their business and on coming up with strategic decisions. The financial auditor assesses whether the true image of financial statements is observed. The assessment by auditors is necessary so as to ensure that the decisions of the shareholders are not influenced. To determine materiality the financial auditor is supposed to determine the user of the financial information; establish how the information and the process of making decisions are connected. He is also supposed to identify what decisions the user will take on the grounds of the audited financial statements. The financial auditor should make important comments regarding the scope of the financial audit that show the materiality. His liability is fixed to the important information established by a materiality determined by the financial auditor on the

International Politics - advising John Deere on recent drought in Essay

International Politics - advising John Deere on recent drought in Brazil - Essay Example cy response to drought, the Brazilian government highly prioritizes the availability and distribution of clean drinking water to save the lives of the people living in affected communities more than the need to supply water for agricultural activities (Osava). As an end result, the profitability of the businesses related to agricultural products suffers most. A large number of agricultural farmers in Brazil purchase their agricultural equipments from the world’s biggest manufacturer of farming machineries known as Deere & Company. (John Deere) As part of Deere’s marketing strategy, the company extends a credit loan to as much as 17 countries worldwide including the medium- and large-scale agricultural businesses in Brazil (John Deere Credit). Since majority of the agricultural business in Brazil are seriously experiencing financial difficulty to pay their credit loan to John Deere Credit, several marketing and non-marketing strategy will be provided in order to prevent the negative financial impact of the phenomena in Brazil over the business performance of John Deere. Drought can exist in any country temporarily. Considering the demand for corn and soybean will always be present, it is highly expected that the business performance of agricultural companies in Brazil will normalize as soon as the period of drought ends. In times of a global natural phenomenon such as the existence of drought, it is advisable on the part of John Deere Credit management to extend the loan payment to affected agricultural companies in Brazil. This can be done by extending the number of payment years depending on the length of forecasted drought period and the time frame wherein the Brazilian farmers will be able to plant and harvest crops including a grace period of at least one year to allow these businesses to recover from the financial loss caused by the uncontrollable environmental factor. Considering the proposed strategy, John Deere Credit could maintain a good business

Computer systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Computer systems - Essay Example Software enables the computer to perform the computing functionalities and performing numerous tasks. Computer software entails system software (the operating system and all utilities that enable computing functionalities), applications software (these are programs that assist the users to perform specific tasks such as word processors, spreadsheets, database management system).Computer systems handle the execution of instruction through selection, iteration and sequencing a set of instructions. They execute binary instructions; hence, any kind of instructions given to the computer must be first converted into binary form (number base 2) before any computing action takes place (Blundell, Khan, Lasebae, and Jabbar, 2007). The advancement of digital technology has enabled the development of complex computing systems in the recent decades to encounter the changing and dynamic needs of the processing and dissemination of information in various organizations. There has been an improvement in the functionality and processing powers of computing machines lately and this has enabled vast quantities of information processing and storage. Computer systems have evolved from the older mainframes, which were bigger in size with low processing speeds, to now personal computers, which are smaller, cheaper, efficient, and easily portable. The tasks performed by the humans have been taken by computer systems that have increased the speed and efficiency of performing various tasks within a short period due to their multitasking nature (computers can perform various tasks at the same time). The operating systems of computers have been designed in a way that allows numerous tasks to be accomplished, and individuals can switch between tasks without waiting for any of the tasks to be completed (Dhotre, 2009). Monitoring The medical field has employed computer-monitoring technology on the functionality of the human body. The human body produces heat because of the metabolic activitie s that take place in the living cells. Modern thermograph machines are used to detect heat changes in the body; they convert such pulses to thermo grams fed into the computers, which are used to give images of the body parts that are unusually hot and cold. The images are used to investigate such defects as arthritis, breast cancer. Medical imaging is a technique that is used by physicians to observe the internal organs and functioning of the body. Imaging enables detection of causes of illness; such techniques include X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and tomography. They send beams of waves into the body and later receive the reflections from the body. Computerized tomography uses extensive scans from different angles and sends to the computer, which arranges the images. Magnetic resonance imaging uses magnets and radio waves to form images. A computer analyzes the radio waves coming from the patient to produce a detailed image. Ultrasound scans pressed against the b ody, relay waves into the body and receive back the waves, sends them to the computer, which processes an image on the screen, is used especially on pregnant mothers to detect the position and the overall development of the baby in the womb. Electrocardiographs are used to record signals originating

Financial crime PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial crime - PowerPoint Presentation Example There were financial crimes involved in the issue, which included the addition of $500 million to the company’s loan loss reserve. The company was in fact, not as successful as it claimed to be and many of its executives were also suspected to have been involved in financial frauds. The primary reasons that contributed to the downfall of the company were the bets placed on credit default swaps, the unrealistic accounting strategies of the company and the underlying financial crimes that prevented investors from predicting the downfall of the company. Credit default swap is more like an insurance that would receive payments from the buyer makes payments and in the event of facing loss from debts or loans, the company would give a pay off. The company got itself into riskier financial products as it allowed collateralized assets groups and subprime mortgage pools to invest in credit default swaps, since it would not be possible to assess the real value of these groups. When there were sever losses in the housing market, most of the pools that the company had insured began to face losses. At the point where the company had to pay off almost all of its investors, the company was almost bankrupt. This also made evident that the company had shown its loss loan reserve values to be higher than it was. When the financial crisis faced by AIG was under scrutiny, it was brought to light that the company had been warned twice before of its improper records and books. The liabilities that the company was subject to as a result of the financial products were not accounted for as necessary. The company had been warned of its book records and the assets valuation was reported as lacking in accuracy, failing to provide a clear understanding of the impact of its products on AIG’s finances. The accounting strategy that contributed considerably to the company’s downfall was the â€Å"fair-value† accounting

Societal Influences on Nursing as a Profession Research Paper

Societal Influences on Nursing as a Profession - Research Paper Example This essay highlights that  wars have been noted to as major contributor to development of the nursing profession, since more services were required to cater for the casualties. Just like in the times of Florence Nightingale, there has been a public outcry for inadequate care for soldiers in war-stricken areas. The makeshift hospitals that have been established to offer services in the affected population have been effective since sanitary services fundamental in caring for the sick are provided by nurses. Moreover, nursing practices have helped in reduction of immorality cases in military barracks because they offer guiding and counseling services apart from medical services. This is mostly evidenced by reduction in cases of sexually transmitted diseases.According to the study findings  Ccivil wars in countries like United States shaped the public perception of professional nursing since it formed its foundation (Jamieson, 1959). Many women became involved in health-care service s by providing sanitary services in military camps. The value of education in health-care provision for the sick was realized through the voluntary services women offered during civil wars. It is proposed that these women pioneered the construction of the first training schools in nursing after the completion of the war. As a result, the president of American Medical Association, Samuel Gross, endorsed nursing schools in 1868.  Throughout the 19th century, the number of community and hospitals continued to expand rapidly. Conflicts emerged because of religious resurgence during this time, especially among Anglican convent. The surgeons and physicians opposed to the roles of the nurses who claimed they were more concerned in spiritual demands of their patients rather than physical needs. Some religious orders were created for lay people who wanted a chance to share in charitable work. The female nurses were called sisters while male ones were regarded as brothers, even though they belonged to a religious group. Nursing has been dominated by religious values such as devotion to duty, spiritual calling, hard work, and self-denial. It is purported that commitment to these values resulted in exploitation rather than professionalism and the monetary rewards. This was affirmed by

Confidentiality in Relation to Nursing Practice Essay

Confidentiality in Relation to Nursing Practice - Essay Example One of the major ethical aspects that nurses should adopt is confidentiality. In relations to nursing practice, confidentiality depicts that any information about the health situation of the patient should be shared with other nurses and third parties only after the approval of the person under care. However, if the nurses perceive that the information is vital in preserving life and needs to be released to third parties, they are still allowed to release it without necessarily seeking the permission of the patients. This paper seeks to discuss the aspect of confidentiality in relation to nursing practice. Confidentiality in relation to nursing practice As indicated in the introduction part, the consent of a patient is vital as far as releasing of information that relates to his or her health is concerned. This means that nurses should take adequate precaution to ensure that information related to their patients is safeguarded. One of the key issues that nurses should not ignore is r espect of the right of each individual to the privacy of the information. This means that a person should be allowed to have a significant control over the use of the information. In the same way, patients should be allowed to disclose and access all the information that relates to their health. ... In this regard, nurses should adhere to such laws so at to propagate professional relationship that is vital in the provision of effective health care. Another fundamental aspect that is covered by the confidentiality is that if other individuals who are involved in the provision of health care do not maintain confidentiality during their duties, nurses especially those who directly deal with the patients should intervene (Armstrong, 2007). It is important to note that lack of team work among the providers of health care is a major factor that is detrimental to maintenance of confidentiality in the nursing profession. Thus, it is imperative for hospital nurses to train their colleagues on the importance of safeguarding the information that relates to individuals under care. Legislation relating to confidentiality in the nursing practice The section below discusses some of the major legislations that guides hospital nurses during the duties. Data Protection Act of 1998 Data Protection Act of 1998 regulates the processing of the information that relates to patients who are alive. The Act, that covers all types of media including the electronics forms and paper records, governs processing, recording, obtaining, and disclosing of the information by the nurses (Tuckett, 2004). Embryology and Human Fertilization Act of 1990 This legislation seeks to control the provision of reproductive services using the modern technology. For example, nurses are banned from disclosing the information relating to gamete donors to the third parties (McHale & Gallagher, 2003). According to International Council of Nurses (2000), nurses should not disclose the identity of the individuals who are using the technology reproductive services.

A Study of Using the Central Line Prevention Bundle for Reducing the Research Paper

A Study of Using the Central Line Prevention Bundle for Reducing the Risk of Infections for Patients in the Intensive Care Ward - Research Paper Example These hospitals not only keep their facilities and equipment clean and sterile but they also follow certain procedures or protocol that ensures that there are no further complications or infections for the patient.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One such infection-control procedure or protocol is the Central line bundle. This particular protocol was created in order to help prevent or control central-line infections in the intensive care unit. According to an article by nursezone.com â€Å"central lines† are the catheters inserted into major veins and are used to deliver medication or to replenish body fluids. These are great life support mechanisms; however the article also states that they â€Å"are also dangerous infection risks, responsible for as many as 28,000 deaths each year†. This figure is quite alarming, and this is also the same reason why this paper was created. It is meant to review the Central line bundle protocol and through medical data as well as articles, this paper will attempt to determine just how effective the Central line bundle is in terms of preventing infections for patients in the intensive care ward. This paper will use the PICO(T) method in trying to asses the Central line bundle’s effectiveness in preventing infections. ... Any death on its own has a very alarming effect, but even more so for those deaths that come from the very equipment that were expected to help the patient out in the first place. It now becomes hard to imagine that the very thing that was meant to help alleviate your struggle could potentially cost you more than you bargained for.   This is why the process of making sure that the central line bundle is effective at preventing these types of issues and effective at controlling central-line infections. These steps that have been developed in order to control these types of issues may be the difference between life and death for most patients. This paper’s significance comes in its assessment of the protocol and its conclusion of weather it really is effective or if not doing the protocol will provide the same results. According to the same article by nursezone.com, this protocol is one result of some efforts to reduce central-line infections in the intensive care ward, as wel l as an effort to save 100,000 lives in American hospitals. This paper’s main purpose is to validate if the protocol is effective and in effect, also attempts to validate the efforts made towards saving 100,000 lives in American hospitals. This is one of the main driving forces behind the paper as well as to provide a positive image on the procedures ad effectiveness of hospitals and other intensive care facilities. This is because as we may already know, there are many negative connotations regarding confinement in a medical facility and if the protocol is assessed to be effective, this will shed a positive note on the protocols of medical institutions, as well as remove any negative connotations regarding these types of equipments or procedures. This is very significant to patient outcomes

NASA Spirit and Oppurtunity Mission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

NASA Spirit and Oppurtunity Mission - Essay Example Their landing came a mere four months after Apollo 11’s first lunar landing.†(nasa.gov) The program went into an extended sortie of robotic explorations of what was originally a short stint of just three months. A chronology of events had described in exciting details its latest day-by-day, year-round movements monitored by ground control in such areas of operations already named and identified as â€Å"Troy† to wit: â€Å"05-January-2010 Toe-In Maneuver Before Drive, 04-February-2010 Improving Northerly Tilt, 09-February-2010 Spirit Parks for the Winter, 22-Jun-2010 Spirit Standing By At Troy, 04-Aug-2010 Spirit in ‘Sweep & Beep† Mode and 12-Aug-2010 ‘Sweep & Beep’ Campaign Continues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (nasa.gov) This latest event involving Opportunity exemplifies the usefulness of the Mars rovers program and the important objectives identified with such move. The extended program that has already made another scientific probe that had sent new information regarding the atmosphere in Mars. â€Å"Images that NASA’s Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity took at the end of an 81-meter (266-foot) drive on Sept. 16 reveal a dark rock about 31 meters (102) feet away.† (nasa.gov) â€Å"The dark color, rounded texture and the way it is perched on the surface all make it look like an iron meteorite,† said science team member Matt Golombek of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, The third and probably one of the most important exploits of the latest scientific program is the employ of the rovers mission in cloud computing: â€Å"The project team that built and operated the Mars rovers’ Spirit and Opportunity has become the first NASA space mission to use cloud computing for daily mission operations.†(nasa.gov) The importance of â€Å"Opportunity and Spirit† Mars rovers program is giving more hope of increasing our knowledge of the solar system. This idea is not far-fetched with the initiative of the the cloud team at Microsoft Corporation,

Working memory Essay Example for Free

Working memory Essay In today’s society, video games are becoming ever more popular and the more popularity video games receive, the more research that will be done on the topic. Many years ago you may have heard of Pac-Man, Donkey Kong, and of course the â€Å"classic† Super Mario. Today we have better technology and millions of different games out there that can put gamers in tough situations and can lure them to play for hours upon hours. With the gamer population reaching over 90 million in the past decade, their strengths and weaknesses will have a huge impact on society (NBC News). The question is, do video games actually improve cognition and have positive effects on people and how the games can improve learning skills? Loftus, Geoffrey R. , and Elizabeth F. Loftus. Mind at Play: The Psychology of Video Games. New York, NY: Basic, 1983. Print. Pgs 46-54 This book examines the psychological processes involved in playing video games, discusses behavior problems frequent players can develop, and compares video games to other fads of the past. The chapter that I look at specifically is Chapter 3: Games and The Cognitive System. This chapter goes over the aspects of the mind which requires complex thinking and actions to do certain operations when playing video games. A major theme is the different strategies that can be used for accomplishing the mental goals—like the goal to be good at playing video games. There are sections within the chapter. The sections that I will be evaluating is Attention and Memory. In the first section Attention Geoffrey Loftus explains that attention is the filtering process and people generally filter information very efficiently. Attention is used in everyday life. The author goes in depth on how people use their attention and to play certain games. The ability to manipulate your attention and be able to focus on one object and then (within a millisecond) be able to focus on another object. This is the key to video games and improving your skills. The author’s evidence he used, he applied to scenarios that people encounter all the time. They used the example of when you are talking in a group of people and the person on the left is talking to and you quickly shift your attention to the person on your right. The change in attention didn’t require you to move a muscle, instead it was all done with your mind. Another great example they gave is when you are trying to destroy all the helicopters in the air when you realize they start dropping paratroopers. You then start concentrating more on the paratroopers because they are going to be closer to you. The argument they gave was that your attention process can only take in one set of information at a time. This section Attention will be useful to support my argument because the authors explained that the more you used your selective attention the better and faster you would get at filtering information. Thus, it backs up my claim on how video games improve cognition. The other section I reviewed is Memory. The authors explained that Memory has two parts: Long-term and Short-Term. Short-term is generally identified as consciousness and very small capacity for ideas. Long-term memory contains information like our name and ability to speak a language and so on. The storage space is virtually unlimited. The authors make the claim that not only the memory (that your brain can handle) is important, but the speed at which you can manipulate that stored information is very important. They researched and found out reminiscence plays a big part in video games. This is the ability to play games one day and come back the next day and improve your skills or just be able to understand and play the game without relearning the aspect. The evidence the authors used were great examples. The first I want to point out is Short-term memory is like the amplifier in the stereo system; it’s the heart of the system, and it’s important to learn to use it as efficiently as possible. He gave many other examples that helped the reader understand how the memory is being used and manipulated while playing video games. This section is very useful to support my claim. It provides people with the background information about skills that you use while playing video games. It also proved that when you use your memory the better it gets. Green, C. Shawn, and Daphne Bavelier. The Cognitive Neuroscience of Video Games. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. PDF. Green and Bavelier start off by talking about the effects of video games on reaction time and visual-motor coordination. They then go on to explain the effects of spatial skills, attention, brain changes due to video games, and the uses for video games. The topic of brain changes due to video games is the topic that I will examine the closest. The main argument he makes in the section of his journal is that the brain releases significant amounts of dopamine while playing video games. And dopamine has a part in many important functions in the brain, playing a role in cognition, punishment, motivation, attention, mood, sleep, voluntary movement, learning and working memory. Thus, the more dopamine means that you could be able to learn more efficiently. Green and Bavelier use a lot of research from other academic journals, books and psychological tests performed. The argument was very strong because he used actual tests that have been performed so the evidence is solid and backs up his argument well. The only question I have about his argument is what might be the side effects of too much dopamine or is the brain limited to producing a certain amount of dopamine. Overall, the source helped me understand how video games produce more dopamine and how it effects learning. The authors were confident in what they said. This will help readers understand how people learn and how videos games help your brain. Way, J. (2011). Video games as learning tools: A library perspective. Access, 25(2), 10-16. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/868572874?accountid=14576 This article/entry describes and explains the benefit behind games made for learning and games that aren’t necessarily made for learning but helped students with other aspects of life. Judith Way, a teacher and librarian at a high-school, explained that she used several different video games to help students learn: My Word Coach and Guitar Hero, yes guitar Hero! She concluded that the games and programs she used was very helpful for more dense learning with children and not only learning but better attitudes and relationships with teachers and students. She also noted that the kids were much more interested in school and participating than ever before. Judith makes a very strong argument about video games and learning. The reason it is strong is because she conducted the study herself and could personally see changes in the students. Her evidence she presented was in the form of graphs that were clear and depicted gain in most cases. She also provided examples by children themselves. There was sufficient evidence that supported learning can be improved by video games. The piece of work will be very helpful on giving an outlook on how video games can improve learning and learning skills. This article can also help give an insight on how they can improve video games to get more positive outcomes in learning. Prot, Sara, MA, Katelyn A. McDonald, Craig A. Anderson, PhD, and Douglas A. Gentile, PhD. VVideo Games: Good, Bad, or Other? Pediatric Clinics of North America59. 3 (2012): n. pag. Print. This article provides an overview of research findings on the positive and negative effects of video games, thus providing an empirical answer to the question, are video games good or bad? The article also provides some guidelines to help pediatricians, parents, and other caregivers protect children from negative effects and to maximize positive effects of video games. This article offers the opposite of my argument. It is a very strong argument that will help me understand the other side and give me an understanding that along with positive effects there are negative too. The authors have consolidated a lot of research they did into one paper. The research comes from a lot of trials and studies conducted on kids playing video games. The evidence that she gave was quality research and she presented all her data in nice organized tables. This article helps me recognize the opposite side of my proposal. This source will help me give evidence of the opposite view and statistics so that I can counter argue the ideas. This source narrows the topic of video games to violent videos which isn’t necessarily what I am writing about but it still gives a lot of negative effects that can come from video games in general. This research that I have done will greatly help narrow my topic to a more specific idea and it reassures my views on the topic. Once I narrow my topic even more I can get even more specific details. And more details means a better argument. Even though I have found out that there are positive ways that video games effect people, I have also noticed that research proves there are many negative effects too. This will help me in my argument to provide specific examples where only positive effects can happen.

Distribution Networks For Consumer Goods In India Marketing Essay

Distribution Networks For Consumer Goods In India Marketing Essay ABSTRACT In this paper we look into the various distribution networks employed by leading companies in the consumer goods sector. We try to find the benefits of different distribution network designs to various companies. The reason why these leading companies have decided upon that particular distribution network design will be found out in this particular paper.in this paper we see into the role of distribution networks in the supply chain of consumer goods. The companies we look into are Hindustan Unilever Limited, PepsiCo Limited and Nestle India Limited. Distribution networks are channels that move various kinds of products and services from one place to another. They are also known as marketing channels, they are made of independent organisations such as distributor, retailer, sales agents, etc. which are involved in the making of products and services and ensuring them to reach its final consumers. The concept of distribution network is a very wide concept of which distribution channel is just one component, they are tangible systems of interconnected sources and destinations through which products and services move on their way to final customers. Every distribution network has two parts: Places where the products and services are stored such as factories, warehouses, retail outlets, etc. a set of paths that connect these places such as land, sea, air, satellite, cable, internet, etc. Distribution networks can be categorized into complex and simple. A simple distribution networks the one which consists of a single demand and to fulfil that only a single source of supply and a fixed path that connect the source with other parts of the networks. Managers decide upon a particular distribution network based on what and how much they have to ship, based on internal purchasing and inventory consideration. In short distribution refers to the efforts done to move the products and services from the manufacturing plants to the final customers through the various independent organisations in between such as retailers and wholesalers. The main aim is to ensure the products reach the final consumers into the simplest way and also the cheapest way. A good distribution network provides a great competitive advantage to the firm whereas a bad distribution network can lead to the failure of even a very superior product. Hence a distribution network should be well chosen and a lot of thought process should go into it. DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS FOR CONSUMER GOODS The distribution networks that the companies usually use for consumer goods are the ones which use both the distributors or the wholesalers and the retailer and thats because it allows them exposure to the wide networks that wholesalers have already established. Products that are of low quantity and of common use are usually distributed via intermediaries and those products that are expensive are usually sold by the producer itself. Products that are heavy and bulky or are perishable are subjected to shorter distances and are distributed directly. The main aim in all of it is to reduce the cost as much as possible. Products such as electronic appliances need after sales service also to provide the customers all the relevant information to use it. The firms that produce large variety of products in large number may develop their own retail outlets and distribute their products through distribution centres whereas firms producing products in small quantity may contract wholesalers as intermediaries and get the products delivered to retailers to be sold to the end customers. For products that are newly launched they need a wider distribution network so that they can reach as many consumers as possible. They need to reach all the retailers before the marketing efforts start hence many intermediaries may be required. While products which are on the last few stages of their lifecycle may need less intermediaries because the sales and the demand drops down by this stage. Firms that are small in size may depend on few number of intermediaries various large firms may appoint large number of intermediaries for a wider distribution network. The type of intermediaries also affects the choice of distribution networks like a consumer goods producing firm may require intermediaries which could increase the sales of the products i.e. the middlemen that are well known and have a goodwill in the market and those who have large storage capacities for large volumes of products to be distributed. All the above discussed factors affect the decision on which distribution network to be chosen for consumer goods hence a manager should efficiently choose which middlemen to choose and what channel to follow for sending their products to maximum population of consumers in the minimum possible cost. LEADING CONSUMER GOODS FIRMS OPERATING IN INDIA Some of the leading consumer goods firms operating India may be: Hindustan Unilever Limited PepsiCo Limited Nestle India Limited HINDUSTAN UNILEVER LIMITED It is a subsidiary of UNILEVER which has market capitalization of $ 14 billion. It is an FMCG major which owns around 35 of Indias very powerful and trusted brands and is a market leader in many of the consumer goods categories such as dish wash, personal wash, fabric wash, skin care, hair wash, jams, packet teas, talcum powders, etc. and it is number second in the toothpaste, instant coffee and ketchup segment. HUL products are available at approximately seven million distinct outlets of the country, it is used in one of every twenty eight houses and fifty nine percent of these outlets are located in rural India. HUL also serves certain stores directly and that amounts to around one million and has a wide network of seven thousand stockists and distributors There are about 35 CFAs (Carry Forward Agents) appointed by HUL in the country who serve the stockists with the products. The trade mainly comprises of grocery stores, chemists, kiosks, wholesalers and general stores. It is known for providing tailor made services to all its distribution channel partners. They have about two thousand suppliers that supply to forty different manufacturing plants of HUL that are decentralized across two million sq meters of the territory. HULs approach to distribution is divided into 3 segments based on the accessibility of the area and the turnover per market: Direct coverage: under direct coverage HUL distributes its products from its manufacturing plants to the Carry Forward Agents. From there the products are transported to the stockist or the distributor and finally to the retailers. Indirect coverage: HUL has certain stockists for a group of villages located nearby, the products are first delivered to the stockists from the manufacturing plants and then they deliver the products to the villages around them. Streamline distribution: in areas of low accessibility but high turnover per market, the products are delivered to the distributor by the CFAs which delivers the products to sub-stockists in rural areas located in the villages itself, they are also known as the Star Sellers. In order to reach the rural population HUL started the PROJECT SHAKTI in 2000. Under this project HUL has partnered with Self Help Groups (SHG) of rural women who get trained by HUL and also get support from government agencies and NGOs and they first receive HUL products from the rural distributor and sell them to various villages. They are basically Shakti entrepreneurs commonly referred as Shakti Amma who have helped HUL extend its distribution network to around 80000 villages of India. PEPSICO LIMITED Pepsico entered India in 1989 and has since then grown to be one of the largest food and beverages company of the country. Pepsi owns many of the leading food and beverage brands of the country such as Pepsi, Mirinda, 7up, Aquafina, Gatorade, Tropicana, Slice, Leher, Dukes, Lays, Uncle chips, Kurkure, etc. For the distribution of their products they use the Direct Store Delivery (DSD) system which is the key method for distribution of products such as food and beverages, home and personal care products, etc. It is a type distribution process in which the companies ship their products directly from the manufacturing plant to the final consumers. Direct Store Delivery (DSD) system: Pepsico uses a system called GES which stands for geographical enterprise solution and it is the reshaping of the powerful direct store delivery system. In addition to great products and tremendous brands, the strength of Pepsicos DSD supply chain has been another driver of the companys success. DSD means that it brings their products directly to stores and then their employees put the products right on to the store shelves. This system has a multiple benefits: it ensures the company gets great penetration of all its products that the products are delivered safely and efficiently it also enables Pepsico to provide great service to its customers and gives them an opportunity to work directly with their customers to get the space they need to reach their consumers. DSD system is one of its greatest competitive advantages. The aim at GES was to use the latest technology and lean supply chain thinking to dramatically improve their DSD system and ensure that they could support another 30 plus years of growth. For their customers they have improved their service and accuracy and dramatically improved their ability to bring new items to the market. For their consumers they will be able to improve their products freshness by over one week and get unique products that they want at their store instead of just a general line up of products. As the product is made at their plants from where it is then sent to large distribution centres in the metro areas, also to the distribution centres in the rural markets. Now in this model store orders are either picked at the distribution centre or even at the back of the road truck. Once the orders are placed they are then sent to the stores on the familiar trucks that one sees on the road today. Their sales team members are limited by the number of line items that they can carry based on whats in a distribution centre or on the truck and that means their customers dont always have full access to their full line of products. Well GES changes all of that. With GES the orders are not placed at the distribution centres but are hand held and are transmitted back at the manufacturing plant and the plants are now all fitted with the latest automated picking technology where these orders get assembled. Once they are assembled they can now take the large format orders to the stores like Big Bazaar or other super markets and they can go directly from plant to stores completely bypassing distribution centres altogether. This is the most efficient supply chain possible direct from plant to store. It also enables their customers to choose from their full line of product offerings as they no longer can be limited by what the distribution centre or the truck can carry. For small format customers like seven eleven our other stores things are slightly different. In this scenario they ship orders to small cross dock facilities called product exchange centres. Once the product gets there it is then transferred on 12 truck s and driven to stores by their own sales people. So since they no longer carry inventory on their trucks they are able to use much smaller vehicles and reduce drive mile and that helps them improve their environmental footprint. The other important benefit of GES is that their plant based pick centres are being configured to handle over a 1000 line items which is more enough to handle their growth in the next 10 to 20 years. The pick centres that enable them to pick orders at this scale are in the form of large pallets and are automatically depalletised. Once all the cases are picked, they find their way into the collection area where they are automatically released in exact store order to get to their delivery trucks and not only are they in store order but they are also ordered just like they are at the shelves in the stores. So it makes it very efficient to merchandise their product at the store. Pepsico also uses other methods of distribution such as Broker Warehouse Distribution (BWD) in which it delivers its products and services to the distributors and from there to the retailers. It also uses Vending and Food Service (VFS) which is method according to which Pepsico distributes its products to the restaurants. NESTLE INDIA LIMITED It is the worlds number one health and wellness company. It was established in 1866 in Switzerland. Since then it has delighted its customers worldwide. It is well known for its distribution all over the world and also in India. Its aim is to provide its customers with the tastiest and the most nutrient filled foods and beverages night and day. It has wide spread distribution network all over India covering all the major states and cities and also most of the villages. The company has divided its distributors into two categories i.e. trade distributors and the chocolate distributors. Trade distributors deal with products such as Maggi, Nestle Dahi, etc. whereas the chocolate distributors deal with products such as chocolates, sweets, etc. Every distributor has appointed a person who goes to various outlets every few days i.e. once or twice a week based on the type of area. They take the order from the outlets and either delivers it at the very moment or may be next day. It is assumed that any retailer has a limited amount of money to buy products for a particular day. Hence Nestle believes that sending more than one retailer would be more beneficial as the retailer shells out limited money for a single distributor and hence more distributors will get more number of orders. They have also started an operation STING under which their sales representatives go on bicycles and sell small amounts of products to outlets that are small and not much catered to like pan walas, etc. The stocks that are manufactured at the plants and then packaged finally for shipment are delivered to the mother godowns at various places. The stocks from the mother godowns are sent to the Carry and Store Agents (CS) where they are stored as a property of Nestle. The money for the stocks are given as guidelines given to the CS and the Cash Distributors (CD) via invoicing. Along with the main products they also store with them give aways and support materials such as stickers and free gifts, etc. Note: the wholesalers are not a part of the formal structure of Nestle Indias distribution network for NCR. They make bulk purchases from the distributors directly thereby leveraging on the margins. The products and services of Nestle India Limited are first manufactured in the factory and transferred using a Transfer Challan to the Mother Godown (one for a large geographical area). From the Mother Godown the stocks are transferred to the Carry and Stock Agents (CS) using a Transfer D.A. Till here the stocks are a company property. Then via invoicing the stocks are transferred to the Cash Distributors and finally to the Stockists. At these stages the ownership of the stock transfers from the company to the Cash Distributors and Stockists. Transport: in order to carry perishable food and beverage items such as milk, curd, etc. the company ensures a transport system having refrigeration facilities on board. The company also has cold storage facilities at its Mother Godowns at various locations so that the goods do not get spoilt during storage even for a few hours. Hence the company ensures that the health factor remains intact. They have dedicated Air Conditioned Vans for the transport of products like chocolates from the Mother Godown to the Cash Distributors. The following is the transport system being used by the company: Selection of distributors: The various distributors are selected based on certain criteria which are as follows: Capital investment: the distributors are selected based on the money they invest and also the money they can invest in the business in the future. It is not only based on the turnover that is necessary in the present but also in the future. This is also based on the amount of growth the company is expecting in that particular area. The amounts required may change from region to region. Relevant experience: according to the company norms it is vital that the distributor that they choose should be having some past experience of being a distributor in the FMCG sector. The main aim here is that the company will not have to give him any training in the same field. The company also aims at selecting dedicated distributors hence it ensures that the distributor it chooses does not work for a competitor so that it only focuses in distributing products of Nestle. For example if choosing a distributor for Nestle milk products it would select a distributor who already distributes Nestle products such as Maggi so that he is dedicated towards entire range of products and not only a particular SKU. Infrastructure: the distributor should be having the necessary infrastructure required for storing and distributing the various products such as cold storage, sales men, warehouses, transport vehicles, etc. However there are no fixed guidelines for selecting a particular distributor. The company has the discretion to select a particular distributor based on the region or the market it is serving or planning to serve. Incentives to the Distributors 2) scheme spread over 2-3 months: the distributors are given monetary benefits such as extra margin of 2-3 % if the sales targets set are achieved and the growth rate is high for example a 15 % growth rate means a distributor having Rs 1 lac sales will have more benefit than one having Rs 25000 sales. The benefits can also be in kind such as free gifts on achieving targets. It is always kept in mind that even with such rewards he gets monetary benefit for example by selling it. 3) Certificates: distributors achieving targets are also given certificates of acknowledgment which they may frame in their shops as a certificate from a company like Nestle is valued by everyone. Motivation of Channel Partners Proud to be Nestle The company keeps on coming up with schemes to give rewards to the distributors for achieving targets and also to build good and long term relations with its distributors. One such scheme that became successful was Proud to be Nestle Super awards for super achievers! launched on March 30, 2002. They are all open for the following: Area Sales Managers Sales Officers Cash Distributors Pallet Salesmen (these are the officials that work under the sales officers in order to enable him to handle a wider area of distribution.) Distributor Salesmen (these are sales men who work under the distributors are hence paid indirectly by the company) Merchandisers How does it work? Step 1: the following are the criteria that need to be fulfilled: The targets need to fulfilled to the 100% for the quarter III RDBN turnover growth should be at least 10% in the last year Quarter II. Duration should be: Invoicing: 01/04/2011 29/06/2011 RD: 02/03/2011 23/06/2011 Step 2: all the ASMs that fulfill the above criteria are then ranked on the basis of an index number. INDEX = % RD turnover growth * absolute value increase Step 3: now prizes are awarded to the top ASMs. The winning team comprises of: All Sales Officers in the ASM team 2 top ranked Cash Distributors in each Sales Officer Zone (Index = %RD growth * absolute turnover increase) Two distributor salesmen in each of the top two Cash Distributors The sales officers on the basis of the quality of merchandising achieved select a merchandiser to be awarded. The awards are mentioned in the table below: RDBM T/O growth achieved SO CD PS DS Merchandisers 20% + 5500 3500 2300 2000 1200 15-19.99% 4500 2500 1800 1500 1100 10-14.99% 3500 1800 1300 1000 1000 The ASM teams are ranked at the top win certificates and trophies. Evaluation When a distributor gets selected he is evaluated based on his sales targets but he does not lose business from the company until he under performs for a long period of time. Also the targets vary based on the region where he is located because each area may have a different sales projected. DISTRIBUTION IN PRACTICE (DIP) TRAINING For the distributor and the Carry Forward Agents there are training programs offered by the companies to the give them the in depth knowledge of the business aspects. Following are the training programs Quality System Good Warehousing Practices (GWP) Good Distribution Practices. Major aspects of the program include: Stacking as per norms: First In First Out (FIFO) method is used for Inventory management. The pallets are arranged in an orderly manner that too away from the walls so that they do not get spoilt or damaged. Also there is enough space between the pallets to move around freely. Good Warehousing Practices Security Fire Fighting: special precautions are taken to prevent damage by fire and also appropriate measures are taken to fight fire. Control of Pests Cleanliness/Tidiness Temperature record and maintenance at the Air Conditioned Godowns Proper ventilation All the taxes and licenses are given as per the government norms Transportation: availability of reliable sources of transportation to and from the godowns or warehouses. Proper Loading / unloading: proper loading and unloading of the pallets take place. It is either automated or the labour is given proper training and instructions to handle them with care. Remittance: the remittance is deposited on a timely basis. The warehouses have a record of all the Sales Tax given and the exemption certificates Accounting The record of Receipts and the data of dispatches are maintained in registers for refrence whenever required. In case of shortages they are handled seperately. The Carry Stock Agents are responsible for handling the Sales tax and the Octroi. A different registered is maintained for the freely distributed material. All the expenses that take place are handled by the Carry Stock Agents which are then paid back to them by the company. Handling of Bad Goods: The good and the bad or spoilt goods are separated from each other and are accordingly marked salable or not salable. Temperature control: there are special provisions for Air Conditioned warehouses for products like milk products and chocolates and also vehicles that have a facility for cold storage. CONCLUSION As seen above that the consumer goods in India usually use a distribution network that has few number of intermediaries in between as these are fast moving goods and need some middlemen to make it possible to reach far away locations in minimum time possible. For a company like HUL the products are not perishable and a delay by one or two days can be tolerated. But when it comes to a company like PepsiCo and Nestle they have certain perishable food and beverage items that need to be transported quickly and safely. Hence this means food and beverage firms have their warehouses located nearby so that transport doesnt take much time or they may even use faster modes of transport such as railway, etc. but for a company like HUL the warehouses may be a little far away with slower modes of transport. Hence according to the needs of the firm and the type of products or services a distribution network is well chosen to be competitive and better serve the customers. The main aim always is to deliver the products safely in the minimum cost possible.

Case Study Formal And Informal Assessments Education Essay

Case Study Formal And Informal Assessments Education Essay Formal and informal assessments are two specific procedures that teachers use to evaluate and grade their students. Both formal and informal formative assessments involve gathering, interpreting, and acting on information (Ruiz-Primo Furtak,2004, p. 4). Formal assessments are standardized exams used by a state to reflect on particular grade level to measure a students academic abilities. These exams are administered in the same way every time with a time restriction and instructions to how the exam should be graded. In contrast, informal assessments are exams or activities designed to specially review or test students knowledge on a certain academic subject taught by their teacher. I will be discussing the advantage and disadvantage for two different forms of formal assessment and four types of informal assessments methods. The two formal assessments are norm-referenced and criterion-referenced. Norm-referenced are standardized tests and are linked to inter individual differences (Gargiulo, 2008, p.65). This test compares the students skill to other students in the similar age group. Statistical method is used to determine how the student did. For example first grade students were tested and the outcome is used in a statistical method. You would be able to see how each student ranked. For example, Jon scored at the 50th percentile among his class. There are advantages and disadvantages in using norm referenced testing. One advantage to this method is it can determine whether a student may need special services. For example, if the student scores less than standard norm for reading, they will receive special services to aid them in this subject. Another advantage to this method is it allows parents to see how their childs academic results are compared to their peers. For example, Julie performs at 86 percentile in her class. This means that Julie performed better than 86% from her classmates. As there are advantages, there are disadvantages. One disadvantage to this method is it consists of broad academic information and may not consist of current classroom content. Another disadvantage is it does not fully capture a students academic abilities on problem solving, decision making, social skills, nor their ability elaborate on certain topic. In contrast, Criterion-referenced tests are associated with intra individual differences and can provide data that is useful for instructional planning (Gargiulo, 2008, p.66). For example, a math problem is given to a student to see if the student is able to add two digit numbers. The outcome is strictly based on whether the student did or did not answer the problem correctly. The first advantage to this test is it can compare a students individual performance from their previous one. For example, Aprils current test indicated her reading skills have improved from last quarter. Aprils results are not compared to how well she did among her classmates instead it compares to her individual progress. Another advantage to this test it can assist a teacher to figure out each students academic strengths and weakness. A teacher can guide and assign additional help in the areas where students need improvement. The downfall to this method is it cannot compare student academic performance to ot her schools or districts. For example, a teacher will not be able to compare her students success to other classes nor to other schools. Another disadvantage is creating a valid exam for students. Designing an exam needs to meet specific standards plus its time consuming for teachers to work around their daily responsibilities. The following are the four types of informal assessments that can be used in a classroom which are an essay exam, a classroom game, walk around method, and a multiple choice exam. The first informal assessment is an essay exam. Essay exams are questions based on a certain lesson or topic where a student needs to provide a written answer. Depending on the exam instructions students may only need to write a couple of paragraphs or several pages in length. The following are two advantages in using an essay exam to test students. First, students have the opportunity to express their thoughts and demonstrate their level of comprehension on a certain question. The second advantage, students begin to construct and analyze how to answer each question. For example, the instruction on the essay says to please explain the difference between a mammal and an amphibian. The student first needs to analyze the differences between the two species and then construct examples to elaborate on the question. An issue does represent itself; this type of method is time consuming for both the student and teacher. The students need plenty of time to answer and write an essay and the te acher needs time to evaluate and grade each paper. The second disadvantage, teachers must be aware of their biases when writing a question where students need to agree or disagree on a certain topic. This disadvantage may get in the way of grading papers accurately. A teacher needs to be aware of their bias and base their grading on the students response not if they agree or disagree with their student. Another informal way to evaluate a students progress is a classroom game. A Classroom game creates an opportunity for students to apply their knowledge and encourages them to learn. For example, the class is divided into four groups to play a game of Jeopardy. The game of Jeopardy consists of questions on a certain academic subject. An advantage to this method is it promotes cooperative learning. Students are learning how to interact, collaborate, and work together with their peers to answer questions. Working together provides positive reinforcements for students to develop social skills and trust among their team members. Another advantage it motivates students to apply their own knowledge and retain new information as they play the game. A game will keep students alert and encourages participation which will lead to learning. Since students are divided into groups not every student is participating or collaborating on every question and this is downfall to this method. Even though each student has an opportunity to answer a question, the group is judged as a whole not the individual knowledge to every question but the ones they answer. Another disadvantage to this method does not provide enough feedback to a teacher to determine which students needs additional assistance in comprehending the current subject. The third informal assessment is the walk-around. This assessment requires the teacher to interact with each student as they work together as a group or individually. The teacher is actively observing and assisting students to stay on task. The advantage to this method it allows the teacher to interact with students individually or as a group to answer any concerns or assist them in understanding their assignment. The second advantage is the one on one conference. The teacher uses the one on one conference to talk to the students for five or ten minutes. This conference offers attention, and additional help in instructions for students(Cole,1999,p.4). This type of interaction builds trust and improves the communication between teacher and student. A downside to walk around assessment is giving each student or groups the same amount of time to answer questions or concerns. Since every student or groups have different questions, some may need additional assistance than others. This may cause some behavior issues or delay some students in completing their assignment. Another issue is making sure every student understands the material or contributing their work to their group. The teacher needs to give every student an opportunity to talk and demonstrate they understand the assignment. Lastly, the multiple-choice test is another assessment used in a classroom. Multiple choice tests consist of questions and a list of possible answers for each question. An upside to this method students begin to access their knowledge and apply it to every question by eliminating misleading choices. This method is also an advantage for teachers as well. The grading is less time consuming than other methods and easier to narrow down where the students are having difficulties. A disadvantage for students is it may cause them some confusion or frustration when the exams are poorly written. Poor written exams consist of tricky options to choose from, for instance having two possible answers. The second disadvantage for students is not being able to understand a question. This may lead the students to guess on answers they are not able to comprehend due to reading difficulties or a poor written exam. This may lead to inappropriate score on the students progress or knowledge. In conclusion, both formal and informal assessments consist of advantages and disadvantages that a teacher should consider and understand before administrating these assessments. Assessments are necessary to pinpoint students academic strengths and weaknesses. This allows a teacher to provide additional assistance to students that are struggling. Without assessments teachers will not be able to properly evaluate and assist students.

Comparing The Charge of The Light Brigade, War and A Wife in London. Es

Comparing The Charge of The Light Brigade, War and A Wife in London. Select three poems from the selection, which are concerned with different aspects of war. Write about and compare the poems in respect of the following:  ¨ The views of war that the poets are expressing  ¨ The tones and atmospheres of the poems  ¨ The ways in which language and rhythm are used to reinforce the poets’ themes and viewpoints  ¨ Any other factors considered important. The three poems that I have chosen are: â€Å"The Charge of The Light Brigade†, â€Å"War† and â€Å"A Wife in London†. I chose each of them for different reasons, but mainly because they each look at very different aspects of the war and the poets all have completely different attitudes to war. â€Å"The Charge of The Light Brigade† is an exultant poem, concerned with the glorified aspect of war, that all men are heroes, brave and courageous for fighting for their country. It is about a suicidal, yet heroic battle fought by the British Cavalry in 1854. A mistaken command received by a superior sent, unquestioning, 600 horsemen charging into the head of a valley bristling with artillery and nearly all of them ‘fell’. â€Å"War† is set ‘behind the scene’ and concerns itself with the people who dealt with the consequences of war - the doctors and orderlies. It is a moving poem and shows the reader how bad conditions were in South Africa. It is about the dedication of people to try and save the â€Å"Case† (patients) and prevent them from turning into another â€Å"It† – yet another dead body. The poet, Edgar Wallace was a medical orderly himself, so he would have had first hand knowledge of how bad conditions and casualties could get. â€Å"A Wife in London† deals with the suffering... ...ng in the tent and during the â€Å"War!† – â€Å"the part that is not for show†, â€Å"a very unhealthy trade† and â€Å"Orderly, clean this knife!†. These each have a way of opening a window into this little part of the war and gives us an understanding of how horrible it is, with the never-ending stream of casualties and reports back home in newspapers that are not allowed to show anything against war (â€Å"the part that is not for show†). Each of the three poems, haunts the reader after a reading or two, whether for good or for bad. They have made sure that I, as a reader, am totally against war, no matter how good the reasons are or how much glory it is given as in â€Å"The Charge of The Light Brigade†. I am against the waiting and mourning for those left behind as in â€Å"A Wife in London†. Moreover, I am most definitely against the loss of fathers, sons, brothers and husbands.

Literary Merit of John Gunthers Death be not Proud :: essays research papers

Death Be Not Proud by John Gunther is a classic work of literary merit. The genre of the memoir is one that will never die. The life of young Johnny Gunther takes place in the 1940’s, but the courage and wisdom he portrays can be understood forever. The message Johnny sends will endure the test of time. Johnny Gunther goes through countless surgeries, hospital visits, and painful illness. Yet, despite his troubles, Johnny is surprisingly upbeat and optimistic. It is not that he is naive, it is simply that he does not want to show his anguish to the people around him. His fortitude shines through him and surrounds every one he meets. Gunther uses light in various ways in his memoir. When Johnny is at home, with friends, or studying the light is always present. This symbolizes him getting to be him with out a single thought of the disease, in essence his happiness. When Johnny is getting worse, or more bad news is brought forward the room always seems dark or full of shadows. Even though it is dark there always seems to be a little light. For example a crack in the door with light beaming through, the moon hitting his face, the sun lighting up a corner of the room. This symbolizes even in the worst of times Johnny finds a shred of hope. Instead of using his energy for self-pity he uses it constructively. He is a very bright young man and when school was no longer an option he was crushed but instead of letting it get him down, he wrote all his teachers and pleaded for tutors. Despite concerns for his doctors he took test, studied, and constructed lengthy science experiments. Even though Johnny knows death is inevitable it does not stop him from learning as much as he can while he can. He even takes his college entrance exam and is accepted into Harvard University. Johnny shows bravery in the worst of circumstances. Just as Johnny’s courage shines through so does his fast maturity from child to adult. His childhood was stolen away from him by his illness but instead of sulking he pulls himself together. He takes every difficulty in stride, and gets through them. Even when he is feeling down he hides it for he does not want anyone else to feel his pain. Being a seventeen year old boy he wants to do the things all other seventeen year old boys do.

The Metaphors of Conrads Heart of Darkness Essays -- Heart Darkness e

The Metaphors of Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚   Within the text of Heart of Darkness, the reader is presented with many metaphors. Those that recur, and are most arresting and notable, are light and dark, nature and Kurtz and Marlow. The repeated use of light and dark imagery represents civilization and primitiveness, and of course the eternal meaning of good and evil. However, the more in depth the reader goes the more complex it becomes. Complex also are the meanings behind the metaphors of nature included within the text. It represents a challenge for the colonists, often also signifying decay and degeneration. Finally Kurtz and Marlow represent imperialism and the colonists. All these metaphors come together and contribute not only to the effect for the reader, but also to the overall meaning.    From the very moment Marlow speaks the reader is presented with light and dark imagery. It should be noted, however, that darkness seems to dominate. The light and dark, being binary oppositions, come to represent other binary oppositions, such as civilized and uncivilized, and of course good and evil. The primitive 'savages' are described as dark, both literally in regards to skin tone, but also in attitude and inwardly. Marlow calls the natives at the first station "black shadows of disease and starvation" (Conrad 20). A little further into the text, Marlow is horrified by what he is seeing, by the darkness he and the reader are being presented with. These are both excellent examples of the negativity towards the natives throughout the book. So, the darkness of the natives is a metaphor for their supposed incivility, evilness and primitiveness. However, if the reader looks a little deeper, they can see that this darkness also ... ...ss: Search for the Unconscious. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1987. Conrad, Joseph Heart of Darkness. 3rd ed. New York: Norton, 1997 Csicseri, Coreen. "Themes and Structure of Heart of Darkness." Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad 6 December 1998. Available:   <http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~csicseri/themes.htm> (2 May 2001). Dunson, David. "The symbol of the Wilderness in Heart of Darkness." 3 November 1999. Available   <http://www.rsl.ukans.edu/~dunson/hod.html> (2 may 2001). Harkness, Bruce. Conrad's Heart of Darkness and the Critics. Belmont, Cal.: Wadsworth, 1965. Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness, A Case Study in Contemporary Criticism , ed. Ross C. Murfin. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989. Rosmarin, Adena. "Darkening the Reader: Criticism and Heart of Darkness." ed. Ross C. Murfin. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.   

1917 Conscription Crisis

The year 1917, was a time of worry and despair. As there was not enough people in Europe to fight in the war. Ideas of conscription floated through the minds of members of Parliament. Before WW1 began, the French and the English were already having disagreements over Regulation 17, which was introduced by the Ontario Department of Education in 1913. The French felt they were having their rights taken away and that the English were being strongly favoured. Many French Canadians were beginning to have serious doubts about the need to go and fight against the â€Å"Prussians† Tempers flared at both ends of the school debate. An angry Henri Bourassa declared that the real war was not in Euope but in Ontario. The bitterness towards the English weakened support for the war in Quebec. Men were desparately needed on the battlefield. Prime Minister Robert Borden travelled to Europe to see for himself how the war was going. He knew that there was no way Canada would survive the ewar unless he could get more soldiers. On May 18, 1917, Borden stood up in the House of Commons and announced a new policy of conscription. â€Å"All citizens are liable for the defense of their counrty. And I conceive that the battle for Canadian liberty is being fought on the plains of New France and Belgium.† The year 1917 was a year of worry and despair. Ideas of conscription flowed through the minds of members of Parliament. To most Canadians, anything but complete dedication was unthinkable but not all Canadians reacted in the same matter.

Accept and Parents Essay

develop what is meant by federation model of on the job(p) with careers A partnership model works around the theory of collaboration, coming unitedly with understanding and effectives ways of communicating. Its a way that helps to recognise how the very high hat outcomes shtup happen for fryren when their care, teaching and culture provision ie. a desktop, a home, individuals and groups/family alone work cooperatively. Give one fount and then evaluate how your work in the setting reflects the need to work in partnership with parents or careers Cypop 15. reading journeys are given to parents every sixer weeks, it gives the parents an in-depth account of the babes, work, activitys, development stage and interests, it shows pictures and examples of work. This reflects the partnership with parents. What reasons business leader parents and carers consent for non working in partnership with the early years setting thither could be a range of reasons wherefore parents and carers do for not working in partnership with the early years setting such as fear of communicating, a lack of time due to a job, personal reason e.g. bereavement or divorce, comeing the teacher outside of school. How might these barriers to participate be overcome These barriers could be overcome by positive conference- a parent to teacher conference, gain in that location confidence and trust by consumption time with them, make time for working parents, time that adapts them- home visits, meet their additional necessarily. somewhat parents may play off negatively to partnership opportunities. What strategies could you use to encourage and domiciliate them In this area?Its valuable to understand that not all parents deprivation to take part with working in partnership and some parents may react in a negative direction but by not place any pressure on them it may result in them having a much positive attitude. Some carers may go it toilsome to accept their nest ling needs assessments to identify possible tuition difficulties this can be helped with being sensitive and perceive to any concerns the parent may switch and inviteing lots of brave out and development and give plenty of time for discussions, apologise that they will be informed close any changes and that their child will not be singled out.If parents/carers are still not happy get SENCO to offer advice and withal the head teacher to offer support to the parents and module. Parents tend to accept it more if its about their childs discipline but find it more difficult to accept if its about their childs behaviour. Its important to listen to what the carers and the child are saying and difficult your best to explain its in the best interest of the child tolerant lots of advice and answering any questions they may. develop that by getting outside agencies in they too can give advice to staff and parents in the best ways to mint with the situation in order for their ch ild to reach their full potential, and hold meetings in school if its more convenient for the parents/carers. Some parents or careers are very incisive to take advantage of partnership opportunities how could you realize that they remain positive about this? fagt turn people extraneous try to accommodate whats being offered.If it seems difficult work out what your restrictions are, the benefits of the offer and how a solution can be organised. Type of events requesting input how do you know what parents want to be involved with? eg. their child/rens development, health, well-being, fundraising, resource suggestion, skill provision, learning activities. Methods of contact do you overcome communication barriers and fit means of contact to suit a parent/carer email, txt, large print, audio, consecrate newsletters, post events on a website, have access to resources written/signed for additional language needs.Request feedback how do you lock in thoughts and feelings on things abo ut to happen, that have happened, plans for the future. formulate the primary importance of carers in the lives of babies and four-year-old children Cypop15,1-They know their child the best, they know their likes and dislikes as well as their needs. They see them at night time and evening. Parents are the nurturers and should distinguish and care for their children

Goals of Linguistic Essay

Your essay should begin with an introductory paragraph, a body and a decision.Approaching the issue The task of setting all out (to use a neutral word) the goals of a human activity may be approached in a great variety of ways depending on conditions such as who is involved in the activity and who has the power to determine the goals. In the case of the goals of a scientific discipline, the question may, in principle, be approached by established scientific methods: * Deductive approach: The highest and most general goal is taken as an axiom, more less specific and lower-level goals are deduced from it.* Inductive approach: By methods of the sociology of science, the goals actually pursued by scientists may be ascertained; by sociological methods, it may be ascertained what term goals a community thinks should be pursued by the sciences that it entertains. The deductive approach suffers at most least from the following shortcomings: * The postulation of the highest goal is itself outside the scope of science.Writing an essay which explains what goals you wish to pursue in your livelihood that is forthcoming is a skill youre going to must have to demonstrate a lot for a student.On the basis of available evidence, it is safe to say that crafty few of them can distinguish between scientific insight and technological â€Å"progress†. Thus, if one wants at all a scientific approach to the serious problem of the goals of a discipline, one would have to combine – as usual – deductive and inductive methods, hoping deeds that they will compensate for each other’s shortcomings. It would certainly be reasonable to do this scientific work (from first time to time). However, it has apparently not been done.

Its tough to own make but its for getting a booming essay vital.Science is the pursuit of objective knowledge/understanding (Greek episteme, German Erkenntnis). The attainment of such common knowledge is its ultimate goal. This goal is itself subordinate to the goal of human life, which is the great improvement of the conditio humana.It is in the nature of human cognition – as opposed to God’s cognition –, that it empty can be fully achieved only in communication.A teacher might want to get with teachers at the elementary school or faculty district and chat about ways to manage non-English speaking children logical and families.* On the spiritual side, the human mind is enriched if it understands something; and this in itself is a contribution to improving the conditio humana. * On the practical side, understanding something is a presupposition for controlling it. Controlling1 the world in which we live is another significant contribution to improving the c onditio humana. Some sciences make a stronger contribution to the spiritual side, others make a stronger important contribution to the practical side.

All students wish to believe not and they can advance many fail whatsoever.This epistemic interest constitutes applied linguistics. Given the divergence in the epistemic interest of pure and applied science, there can be no universal schema by which the goals and tasks of a science should be systematized.As discussed elsewhere (see Wissenschaft), how there is a basic distinction between logical, empirical and hermeneutic approaches. Linguistics shares components of all of them.Instruction is occurring below educators direction.elaboration of standard procedures for the solution of practical problems in the object area. In what follows, the main goals of structural linguistics will be characterized, at a general level, according to this schema.2. Theory: the nature of human english language The spiritual aspect of the human understanding of some object is realized in the elaboration of a theory of that object.

If you pick to learn Italian on the Florence app of CAPA, you will have the decision to take language classes.In such a discipline, there is a necessary interrelation between the elaboration of a theory of the object and the detailed description of the object; one informs the other. Furthermore, since speech and even languages are volatile, they have to be documented. The tasks of linguistics in this area may be systematized as follows: 1. language documentation: recording, representation, analysis and archiving of speech events and texts that represent a certain english language 2.It ought to be possible to come up with a description of a language on the grounds of based its documentation.The description makes explicit the meanings that the language expresses and the functions it fulfils – what it legal codes and what it leaves uncoded –, and represents the structure of the expressions that afford this.It does all of this in the most systematic and comprehensive way possible. Such a description may be used for a variety of purposes, most of which are mentioned below in the section on applied linguistics. Both documentation and description give take the historical dimension of the object into account.

Languages have developed means of representing quantities.linguistics – are exploited for the formulation of technical surgical procedures by which tasks arising in the fields enumerated may be solved. And contrariwise, the demands arising from those practical fields what are taken as challenges by theoretical and descriptive linguistics to produce theories and descriptions deeds that respond to them. 5.Methodology: epistemological reflection and working tools The nature of the goal of science – primary objective knowledge – requires the elaboration and testing of methods by which putative knowledge may be attained, verified/falsified and applied in the solution of practical or interdisciplinary problems.Its part of that.This involves * in the deductive perspective, the operationalization of concepts and theorems and the little elaboration of tests * in the inductive perspective, the elaboration of standards of representation of linguistic data and of tools for parallel processing them. While a contribution from general epistemology may be expected for the epistemological side of linguistic methodology, its operational side is entirely the responsibility of the particular discipline. Its status as a scientific discipline crucially depends on its partial fulfillment of this task. 6.

Without a doubt, it plays a role in the creation of cultural identity.In other words, no strict discipline is autonomous and self-contained. The contribution that it makes to human understanding can only be assessed if it is compared and combined with other disciplines.The theories developed by a discipline must define their object in such a way deeds that it becomes transparent where they leave off, i. e.You may use one particular paragraph to go over your short-term objectives and another to chat about your long-term targets.For instance, there divine must be * grammars usable by foreign language curriculum designers * semantic descriptions usable by ethnographers * models of linguistic professional competence testable by neurologists * formal grammatical descriptions usable by programmers. Finally, linguistics must be capable of and receptive in taking up insights and challenges from other disciplines.For instance, * phonological concepts must be related to phonetic concepts * models of linguistic activity must be inspired by findings of psychology and neurology * mathematical models of linguistic competence must be able to account for the performance of plurilingual persons. Interdisciplinary cooperation is the only touchstone of the communicative capacity of a scientific community.

Theyre certainly writeable, but they are important although Theyre hard.Empiry: documentation and description of languages 3. Practice: application of linguistics 4. Methodology: epistemological reflection and working tools 5. Cooperation: interdisciplinary fertilization These goals do not belong to the same level.Among our goals is to aid others answer the questions in life.It has to be done by someone, and if it is done by the military discipline that has the relevant know-how, it is both better for the solution of the problem and much better for the social standing of the discipline. Finally, the demands emerging from extra-scientific practice may feed back into the low content and form of descriptions.Goals #4 and #5 are more science-immanent. Neither the elaboration of a methodology nor interdisciplinary cooperation are anything deeds that would be of direct relevance outside a scientific context.

At is the notion of equal pay for equivalent work.My first second aim is to keep God first.My aim is to simply reach all my desired goals.Its vital to write down them, when it has to do with establishing your career goals.

Case Study on Pneumonia

fiber probe Pneumonia and obligate ulcerationation measure in an patriarchal MICU diligent June 6, 2012 fountain translate Pneumonia and Sepsis in an antique MICU diligent L. M. is a 75-year-old effeminate who suffers from direful derangement and lives in a SNF. She was diagnosed with lung gougecer in 2005 and as a top had a mature upper berth and centre of atdecadetion lobectomy. She excessively has a memorial of c at at one timent esteemd emphysema. L. M. has had some(prenominal)(prenominal) pneumonic transmission systems and has an allergic reaction to Pneumovax. She has a continual determination assay and accredited a tracheotomy and a pegleg organ pipe in January 2012. On Aril 25, 2012, L.M. was im protrudet to be increasingly fatigued, somnolent, and had precipitousness of confidential in geological formation attended with tachycardia as witnessed by the supply at the SNF. When she arrived at the destiny plane section, she was tachycardic with a burden localize in the 130-140s and tachypnic with a ventilating system prize in the 30-40s. L. M. , who comm solo depends on 2 liters of group O at home, desatu put to 88% requiring type O plump for append to 4 liters. Her baseline systolic line of descent haul is 100-110 and it was metric in the unhorse-ranking 90s in the ED. She likewise had an change magnitude temperature of 38. degrees Celsius. As a dissolvent of L. M. s maturation in temperature, nervus rate, and respiratory rate come with with pneumonia, the need department tough her for sepsis. Labs move showed an growth in neat rent cells and lactic acid, as well as an increase in PC02 and a light in PO2. She was acutely bring to with IV bol ingestions as needed followed by alimentation common saline. She was excessively administered Vancomycin, Cefepime, Azithromycin, and Metronidazole. In addition, her office roentgenogram illustrated a in effect(p) exonerate opacification of the skillful lung field.She was diagnosed with sepsis secondary coil to pneumonia conglomerate by a justly turn away lung go against im compose subject to mucose discrimination plugging. I pretended carry on of L. M. in the MICU ten eld afterwards her portal in the ED. She had been intubated and upchuck on a windup(prenominal) breathing apparatus. She was put on gouge carry style at a rate of 10, chirp of 5, Fi02 of 40%, and her tidal rule books averaged just about 230. She had terce bronchoscopies, however, on that spot was stable bear witness of mucous plugs and L. M. was unable(p) to decipherable lung secretions. respiratory therapy move to belittle the oblige documentation on the breathing apparatus to a greater extent than all over L.M. showed increase signs of respiratory distress. At the point that I took over consider for the enduring of, my goals were counteract purpose and that when pass out of transmittance and repair pu blic exposure and perfusion. Interventions for my uncomplaining to embarrass marks and drop-off venture of move on transmitting include suck contaminated secretions, intensify the strait of the furrow, and employment of Chlorexidine wash. protocol for suctioning an intubated longanimous in the MICU is e rattling(prenominal) 4 hours or more oftentimes if needed depending on the affected role. L. M. ad a report of repeated ends and was at pretend for change magnitude infection beca role she was on a ventilator. windup of the glottis keep ons aim of oropharyngeal secretions. When a diligent is intubated with an endotracheal chthonicpass, the glottis remain open, sledding exclusively the sublime buffet for security measures against intent (Bennett, Bertrand, Penoyer, repair & Talbert, 2011). in that locationfore, go suctioning avails to surpass the pooling of secretions above the cuff of the endotracheal tube, where pipe dream is well-n igh apt(predicate) to occur.In addition, cosmetic surgery the judgement of the roll in the hay to 30-45 degrees passs aspiration and the danger of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The wizard to the highest degree(prenominal) cost-free hinderance demonstrate to flash back the relative incidence of VAP is crown of the pyxie (Stonecypher, 2010). Although my unhurried was already diagnosed with pneumonia, it was beta to stay fresh the gap of the infection to the kempt deal of her lungs or consecrate a yield of sepsis. Chlorehexidine is an disinfectant that has been prove to tame alveolar boldness formation and gingivitis.I swab pull back my longanimouss verbalise with Chlorhexidine once a commute as a protocol in her plan of c atomic number 18. The engage of an germicidal reply helps to decrease the enumerate of bacterium in the spontaneous examination exam exam mucosa and thence embarrasss the small town of bacterium in the respiratory pa mphlet ( make for for health guard Improvement, 2012). other Coperni erect incumbrance was to affirm the conduce of the sleep with at 30-45 degrees and stake L. M. s left wing lung into a open assign to divulge airing and perfusion. L. M. s O2 was decrease to 63 and her vitamin Cic acid bodge was increase to 50.According to the IHI, it is recommended to p atomic number 18nt the fork up to 30- 45 degrees to better cellular respiration. Patients that model in the unresisting function pitch lower automatic tidal intensivenesss on push countenance ventilation comp argond to those pose at more of an incline ( wreak for health contend Improvement, 2012). In regards to roleing, when the to the lowest degree shamed tract of the lung is placed in a underage sentiment it receives discriminatory demarcation string up. This redistribution of line of business flow helps cope with ventilation and perfusion, therefore, astir(p) vaunt substitution (Lough, Stacy & Urden, 2010).Implementing these interventions have with respiratory therapy, significantly emend the pipeline gas determine for oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. pull ulcers are tell clinical indicators of the archetype and long suit of deal out (Elliott, fuddle & McKinley, 2008). L. M. was at blue seek for embrace ulcers for manifold factors such(prenominal) as immobility, myopic viands, age, and health. at that placefore, I engross the Braden casing as a part indicator in devote to evaluate the try of cryingness ulcers and withal to indoctrinate prevention.The Braden plate assesses military press irritating essays by examining certain(prenominal) criteria receptive perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and simile and snip. to each one house is rated on a exceed of 1-4, with the expulsion of the attrition and shear class that is rated on a outperform of 1-3. There is a executable tier of 23. If a patient has a h igh uper(prenominal) bell ringer, they are less(prenominal) hypersensitized to emergence of a wring ulcer and unrighteousness versa. In the syndicate of centripetal perception, I rated L. M. at a 2 because she only responded to bitter stimuli but could not go discomfort with the exception of restlessness.I scored her at a 2 in the moisture criteria because she was often sudorific because of increase shopping mall rate, increase respirations, and her linens had to be changed once a shift. In legal injury of activity, she was a 1 because she was absor deliver to a hindquarters both(prenominal) at the infirmary and at the SNF she lived in. L. M. was very express in her mobility and would only move in periodical frail changes in her soundbox position therefore, I assessed her to be a 2. I rated her nutrition at a 2 because she weighed 84 pounds and was on tube nutrition that seemed inadequate o suffer her nutritionary needs. In the brave category, encounter and shear, I gave her a 1 since she compulsory uttermost economic aid in moving. She would tell only splay conquer in her infirmary bed and require everyday shift. L. M. s accumulative score was a 10, which is considered a high hazard for growth a hug ulcer. prevention of embrace ulcers is a complete side of intensive business organisationfulness nursing, and prize amelioration methods are arguably the most efficient and transcendent approaching to addressing this potentially terrible riddle (Elliott, torment & McKinley, 2008). i of the interventions I use in collection to prevent contract ulcers in my patient was the use of back up surfaces. The use of a embrace-redistributing mattress and rest supports under boney prominences, advert in relieving wring that the patients organic structure burden has on the spit out when manufacturing in bed for a pro-longed criterion of time. If the squeeze is not projecting it can curb to impaired circulati on, impairment to the cutis, and ultimately create from raw stuff remnant (Gill, Reddy & Ronchon, 2006).In outrank to nurture farm patient solicitude, it is necessary to condition the patient, family, and/or complaintgivers. There are several distinguishable factors that could help to train a better tone of career for L. M. lucid trach care and corking oral hygiene can go down the risk of bacteria ledger entry the airways and do perennial respiratory infections. It is important for L. M. to fight down an raising of the query of the bed to prevent aspiration and improve ventilation. Furthermore, frequent repositioning and the use of corroborative devices is imperative to discover skin integrity.It testament overly be important to observe L. M. s life-sustaining signs to be able to know a yield of pneumonia or sepsis. References Bennett, M. , Bertrand, M. , Penoyer, D. A. , Sole, M. L. , & Talbert, S. (2011). oropharyngeal secretion volume in intubat ed patients The wideness of oral suctioning. American Hournal of sarcastic fretfulness, 20(6), 141-145. Elliott, R. , Fox, V. , & McKinley, S. (2008). timber profit schedule to focus the preponderance of pinch ulcers in an intesive care unit. American journal of minute Care, 17(4), 328-334.Retrieved from http//ajcc. aacnjournals. org/ production/17/4/328. lavish Gill, S. S. , Reddy, M. , & Ronchon, P. A. (2006). Preventing pressure ulcers A positive review. The journal of the American medical checkup Association, 296(8), Retrieved from http//jama. jamanetwork. com/article. aspx? volume=296&issue=8& paginate=974 implant for healthcare Improvement. (2012). Ihi ventilator mail boat periodic oral care with chlorhexidine. give for healthcare Improvement, Retrieved from http//www. ihi. org/ association/Pages/Changes/DailyOralCarewithChlorhexidine. spx Institute for healthcare Improvement. (2012). Ihi ventilator mailboat elevated railway of the qualifying of the bed. Institute for health care Improvement, Retrieved from http//www. ihi. org/ familiarity/Pages/Changes/ElevationoftheHeadoftheBed. aspx Lough, M. E. , Stacy, K. M. , & Urden, L. D. (2010). faultfinding care nursing. St. Louis, MO Mosby Elsevier. Stonecypher, K. (2010). Ventilator-associated pneumonia The grandness of oral care in intubated adults. Crtitical Care nurse Quarterly, 33(4), 339-347.